Biospheric Filiks. The nitrogen okirikiri na ọdịdị

A chemical mmewere na ọnụọgụ nzùrùòkè asaa na-denoted site N (Nitrogenium). Aha ya - "Zot" - si Greek pụtara "adịghị ndụ". Nke a na okwu, onye ozizi nke si malite, e mere atụmatụ na 1787 Antuanom Lavuaze afọ, kama bu ụzọ "phlogisticated", "Mkpughe" na ikuku "mefitichesky". Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ a ìgwè nke French ọkà mmụta sayensị, na nke Lavoisier bụ ifịk ifịk, aku na mmepe nke chemical nomenclature kwuru. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ na-chọpụtara nitrogen onwunwe anaghị akwado ọ bụla combustion ma ọ bụ respiration.

Dị ka ọzọ version okwu "nitrogen" bụghị mepụtakwara site Lavoisier na ibe ya. Ọ na-adị ọzọ na alchemical akwụkwọ na chi ọbụbọ nke Middle Ages na-akọwa na-akpọ "isi metal ihe onwunwe", na ọ nọ na-ekewet abughi ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị, na ihe onwunwe "Alfa na Omega" ihe niile.

Na ọdịdị, na nitrogen nwere ike ịbụ ugbu dị ka a dị mfe umi nke usoro N2, ọ bụ zuru ezu inert gas bụ enweghị uto, na agba na isi. Atọ anọ nke n'ụwa mejupụtara nitrogen. Nke a na mmewere na-arụ a nnọọ ọrụ dị mkpa ná ndụ nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. Na mejupụtara nke na-edozi, ya pasent bụ 16-18% site na ibu ibu. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke ihe owuwu nke nucleic asịd, nucleoproteins, amino asịd, chlorophyll, haemoglobin. Na ihe dị ndụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nitrogen atọm bụ banyere 2%, na a uka nta nke a akụrụngwa na-abawanye na 2.5%. Mmewere N kwubara anọ na mkpa ndị bụ isi ndị na nke organic onwu - hydrogen, carbon na oxygen.

N'ụzọ bụ isi, nitrogen okirikiri na ọdịdị dabeere na chemical Jeremaya mere na ikuku. Otu n'ime ha na-adịkwaghị ọxịdashọn. Ọzọkwa a ọkpụrụkpụ nkezi nke nitrogen interactions iri chemical Jeremaya mere na Biosphere. Main N2 na ọdịdị - na ọ bụ ikuku. Na osisi na akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa na, n'eziokwu, ha na-amalite na nitrogen okirikiri ke uwa. The osisi nke ụwa anyị ọrụ dị ka a protein njikọ. Dị ka ihe na-eji na nitrati ndị na-na ala. The isi iyi nke eke nitrate nitrogen bụ aspirated na ammonium salts. The usoro n'ịtụgharị a mfe umi n'ụdị dị maka assimilation site na osisi, na-akpọ nitrogen fixation.

E nwere ihe abụọ bonding nitrogen percolation usoro. Ke akpa n'onwe, a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ n'oge àmụmà discharges nke nitrogen oxides. Diluted na mmiri, na-akpasu ọdịdị nitric acid, nke na-enye ịrị elu ka ọdịdị nke ala nitrati. Na nke abụọ n'onwe, e guzobere amonia. Ya esichara bacteria n'ime nitrates, ha na-na-emi odude ke mgbọrọgwụ nodules nke tuberous osisi. More, a na usoro a na-akpọ nitrification.

Ọnwụ osisi na-eduga ná guzobe ammonium ogige. N'elu ha rụọ ọrụ bacteria, na-enwogha ha n'ime nitrate nitrogen na-alọghachi ikuku. Mpụtị, nitrification na denitrification nke nitrogen - mmiri nke a mgbagwoju usoro, ndị na-ebu nitrogen okirikiri ke uwa. Na-akwọ ụgbọala na nke a bụ na e nwere ihe mgbanwe n'etiti ndị nitrogen fixation na denitrification.

Nitrogen fixation na-adị mgbe osisi ịgbari nitrogen ogige si ikuku, na usoro a aka ọtụtụ bacteria na cyanobacteria. The ngwaahịa nke gwara nitrogen bụ amonia, nitrati ma ọ bụ nitrites.

The nitrogen okirikiri na ọdịdị na ntughari ka nzọụkwụ ọzọ emezu nitrification nke fixation. Ugbu a amonia-aga n'ime nitrati na nitrites. N'oge denitrification agwụ nitrogen okirikiri na ọdịdị, nitrates na-amalite irekasị na nitrogen. Active òkè na usoro nke na-ewere pseudomonas, nje na-akpata bacteria na ndị ọzọ microorganisms.

N'oge denitrification nwere ike ime ọtụtụ intermediates. The kasị mkpa nke ha - nitrous oxide, a griin haus gas bụ anụ.

Ịmụba isiokwu, ọ bụ uru na-aghọta ihe ọ pụtara nke echiche assimilation na mineralization. Assimilation bụ a usoro nke mgbanwe nke inorganic nitrogen ya organic ụdị. N'okpuru mineralization a pụtara organic nitrogen compound iji tọghata inorganic. Akụ ọkpọ assimilation na mineralization dị mkpa ụdị akakabarede bekee nke pụtara n'oge nitrogen okirikiri ke uwa.

Ngosi nke akụkọ banyere isiokwu a kasị ọma rụrụ iji tebụl na chaatị dị iche iche.