Imperial flags na pụtara? Russian alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ

Na-adịbeghị anya ọ na-ewu ewu na nwa-acha odo odo na-acha ọkọlọtọ eze ukwu ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha-acha odo odo-nwa. Gịnị bụ uru nke onye eze nke ọkọlọtọ? Gịnị bụ akụkọ ya? Gịnịkwa mere e ji echefu? Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, arụmụka na-aga n'ihu ihe ọkọlọtọ - ihe eze ukwu. Na akụkụ nke ọ bụla bụ apụghị ịgbagha agbagha ihe àmà nke aka ya dị ọcha. Ma mgbe ahụ, nke ọzọ ajụjụ bụ ma ka ịlaghachi na alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ?

History of ọkọlọtọ

Na 1453 Constantinople dara, ọnwa abụọ igbochi anyị nnọchibido nke Ottoman. Ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ olileanya nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium. Na nnọchibido nke Eze Ukwu Constantine XI Palaeologus nọ gbuo ya.

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ndị Vatican malite ịchọ allies, nzube hazie a agha ntụte megide Turks. Strong mmekorita nwere ike ibu Muscovy, nke chịrị site mgbe Ivan III. Ya mere Pope ndapụta ndọ Ivan III Sofyu Paleolog - Emperor nwa nwanne Constantine XI. The Pope na-ele anya na nke a na alụmdi na nwunye ga-amị mkpụrụ: mbụ Byzantine onwunwe inning. Ke adianade do, Vatican chọrọ Moscovia were Union of Florence na Rome isi. Ma Ivan III nwere ndị ọzọ atụmatụ: ụba ike na Moscow.

Ọ lụrụ Sophia Palaeologus, Ivan III ghọrọ eze na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Na Moscow aghọwo onye-nketa nke Constantinople na Rome. N'ihi na gbanwere emblem nke Moscow State. The Byzantine crest sitere Moscow - odo ubi na abụọ-gawa nwa ugo na ugo na a na-acha ọcha onye na inyinya, egbu agwọ.

Alexis ẹkenam uwe nke ogwe aka nke na mgbasa. Na ndị ọzọ na-achị achị soro ọdịnala onyinyo nke emblem.

Sineti na 1731 nyere iwu dị ka nke onye ọ bụla bipu na dragoon ndi agha nwere na-scarves na okpu na agba nke emblem. The Russian agha a ga-eji maka uwe gold na nwa silk. Ke adianade do, ha nwere ugbu a na-acha ọcha ụta.

Peter m ewebata ọhụrụ na agba

Imperial flags, dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, adịghị mgbe ahụ. Tri-agba (na-acha ọcha-acha anụnụ anụnụ-red) ọkọlọtọ pụtara na Russia, dị ka ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, n'oge ọchịchị Alexei Mikhailovich. Military ship "Eagle" bụ ọkọlọtọ n'ihi na imewe nke nke e ji chervchataya, azure ọcha okwu, na-acha uhie uhie, na-acha ọcha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ọ bụghị ihe niile na-ahụ zuru ezu-ebibi isi arumaru nke nkatọ na nke tricolor, dị ka ọtụtụ kweere na Peter m "ada" mba anyị a ọkọlọtọ. Petr Veliky nwekwara deere ọzọ ọkọlọtọ: ọcha ákwà e kewara-acha anụnụ anụnụ ogologo cross n'ime anọ hà akụkụ, na-akpọ Kryzhi. The mbụ na-anọ - acha ọcha, abụọ na nke atọ - red. Na-erule ọgwụgwụ nke na Asaa narị afọ ọkọlọtọ ike jidere na na poolu Russian n'ụlọikpe.

Mgbe a na-eme njem Holland, nwa eze kpebiri-ewu ụgbọ mmiri, otú ahụ ka m gara Arkhangelsk. Na ụzọ isi obodo, o wee na-Vologda, ebe ọkọnọ Akwa Bishop Athanasius atọ flags si ụgbọ mmiri. Nnukwu bụ "eze nke ọkọlọtọ nke Moscow." Ọ gụnyere atọ kwụ ìgwè nke na-acha ọcha, acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha uhie uhie (n'elu na ala). Nakwa na panel n'uwe abụọ-gawa ugo na-ejide a mkpanaka na Orb. Ara ugo red ọta mma na St. George.

E nwere a version na ọkọlọtọ o kere ugbua na Arkhangelsk. Ụfọdụ na isi mmalite na-ekwu na ndị Russian ọkọlọtọ e tụụrụ ime site ụdị nke Dutch tricolor, ma na a dị iche iche na iji nke na agba. Ma ndudue idu ke eziokwu na Peter M ama kere ọkọlọtọ tupu na-aga Holland.

Mgbe ọdịdị nke ọkọlọtọ Moscow eze-acha ọcha-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọbara ọbara alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ dụkọta na ogwe aka nọgidere eze Ọkọlọtọ nke ụgbọ mmiri. Na 1697 Peter ẹkenam ọhụrụ tricolor ọkọlọtọ, na-enweghị dụkọta ugo.

N'okpuru Peter m, na tricolor bụ ọkọlọtọ nke na-alụ ọgụ Russia, na n'oké osimiri agha. Ma n'oge Akwa Northern War, na Army na Navy malitere iji ọkọlọtọ nke St. Andrew. Na 1705, January 20, Peter m nyere iwu iji na-acha ọcha-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọbara ọbara ọkọlọtọ na na Merchant Navy.

The oge mgbe Peter kacha metụta dọgburu German gburugburu ebe obibi na-achị mmadụ. Ya mere, mba na agba na-fọrọ nke nta ka furu efu.

Imperial ọkọlọtọ

Imperial ọkọlọtọ nwekwara complements alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ. Ọ mma Peter m: na a odo banner e sere a black abụọ-gawa ugo, na-ejide chaatị dị iche iche na White, na Azov na Caspian Sea. anọ chaatị e kwukwara pụtara ngwa ngwa. Part nke Baltic Sea sonyere 1703.

Tupu mgbe ahụ, na 1696, onye eze ukwu kere heraldic ọkọlọtọ, nke dabeere n'iji n'oge ọchịchị Alexei Mikhailovich. Flag bụ acha uhie uhie na a na-acha ọcha ókè-ala, na center bụ a ọlaedo ugo na n'elu oké osimiri. Na gburugburu ya n'obi na-anọchi anya, Onye nzọpụta, na-esote - Mmụọ Nsọ na Nsọ Ndịozi Pita na Pọl.

Na 1742, ndị echichi nke Elizabeth. Tupu ihe omume a kere ọhụrụ ala ọkọlọtọ nke Alaeze Ukwu: on a odo ákwà - a nwa abụọ-gawa ugo, gbara ya gburugburu 31 oval ọta na ogwe aka. Mgbe ahụ n'elu nku ugo adịghị ẹwụtde territorial nnọchianya.

Baron Karl Bergard Kone kere nke abụọ obodo ọkọlọtọ. Ọ kwadebere maka echichi nke Alexander II (1856, August 26). Na mgbakwunye na obodo ọkọlọtọ, Bernhard Kone kekwara a nnukwu, ọkara na obere uwe nke ogwe aka nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Mgbe o kere uwe nke ogwe aka nke House of Romanov na n'ozuzu nọrọ heraldic mkpuchi nke ogwe aka nke Russian territorial mgbanwe. The echiche bụ isi bụ Kone agba guzosie ike ndị na-egosi na agba nke emblem on flags, ọkọlọtọ. Holiday drapes na uniforms nwekwara ndị a shades. N'ihi ya, ọ e kpebiri na Alaeze Prussia na Austrian Alaeze Ukwu. Ma na agba na-nwapụtara stampụ n'okpuru Anna Ioannovna (1731, August 17).

Ya mere dị ka ala emblem bụ a ọlaedo ọta, abụọ-isi oji ugo, silver okpueze, mkpanaka na Orb, na Bergard Carl Kone chere na armorial agba dị ka iwu si of heraldry bụ nwa, ọlaedo na ọlaọcha.

Na 1883, e kere a atọ ala banner maka echichi nke Alexander III. Ya na-ese site Belashov. Ma kama iji gold brocade silk na ákwà na-enwe a na agba ochie gold.

N'ihi na echichi nke Nicholas II, na ẹkenịmde ke 1896, dechara nke-anọ mba ọkọlọtọ. Ya e mere nke ọlaedo na-akpa ákwà na embroidery, bụghị na-ese.

Iwusi ịdị n'otu nke mba

World War II biri na Napoleon, na-acha ọcha na-acha odo odo na nwa ọkọlọtọ malitere fechapụta nanị n'oge ememe. Ịdị adị nke ọkọlọtọ n'ụdị a kere naanị ya ruo mgbe iwu nkuchi. Nicholas m nyere iwu iji na agba nke ọkọlọtọ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu alaeze ukwu cockade na obodo ohu.

Nicholas na m chọrọ na-niile na ala akara na àgwà. O kwenyesiri ike na ụzọ ike ịdị n'otu nke mba ahụ. Ọ bụ ya mere eze ukwu mma na ịhụ mba n'anya ukwe "Chineke Zọpụta Tsar" dị ka a na steeti.

Isi n'ala ọkọlọtọ

Alexander II chọrọ iji weghachi iji na steeti akara, dị ka o kwesịrị iduga a nkịtị European heraldic ụkpụrụ. Ya mere, na 1857, ndị Emperor họpụtara Baron Bergarda-Karla Kone Chief stampụ ngalaba.

1858 bụ mgbe na nke na-amalite akụkọ nke alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ ka a na steeti. Na 1858, June 11, Alexander II aka a iwu na mma ọhụrụ Ọkaakaa ọkọlọtọ. Naanị ugbu a ọ bụ isi n'ala: nwa-acha odo odo-acha ọcha. O nwere kpọgidere niile ọha oru, ala-ekesịpde ụlọ. Na nke a, ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ikike iji naanị onye ahịa mmiri ọkọlọtọ na ochie tricolor: ọcha, acha anụnụ anụnụ, red.

alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo e mere site Bernhard Karl-Kone. Ọ bụ ya echiche na-eme ka a na nwa-acha odo odo na-acha alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ. Gịnị na-eme ndị na agba na panel? Gịnị mere ndị Baron tụgharịa ọkọlọtọ? N'ozuzu na heraldry nọdụ ọkọlọtọ na-egosi iru uju. Na oké osimiri - na ọ bụ a na-ata ahụhụ mgbaàmà. Nke a nwere ike aghaghị mara ebube heraldist Kone. Atụ ma ọ bụ, ma mgbe na akara aka nke mba malitere ịgbanwe n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama maka njọ.

nka egosipụta "fix" ndokwa nke na agba na-esonụ iji: ọcha, odo na nwa.

The pụtara na agba

Ndị na agba nke ọkọlọtọ nke Imperial Russia bụ miri emi ọ pụtara, nke na-eme anyị na-eche banyere oge gara aga, ugbu a na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke mba. Anyị ga-atụle nke mbụ version nke onye eze nke ọkọlọtọ.

The ala oyi akwa - nwa - bụ onye nke Ọkaakaa emblem alaeze ukwu. Ebe a na ọ na-lekwasị nkwụsi ike na ọganihu nke mba ahụ dum, na unbreakable na ike ala na ịdị n'otu nke mba.

N'etiti oyi akwa - edo edo - omume development, elu ime mmụọ nke ndị Russia. Ọzọkwa a na agba na-tụgharịrị ka a banyere ụbọchị nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium - dị ka progenitor nke Russia na Orthodox ụwa.

The top oyi akwa - ọcha - ekpe ekpere ma na-akpali Georgiyu Pobedonostsu, onye ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, bụ chi nke na-Russian ala. Ke adianade do, a na agba bụ ihe nnọchianya nke ihe àjà nke ndị Russia. Ọ dị njikere ịma jijiji na ụwa a ngwa ngwa na-enye ihe niile n'ihi na obodo ha, ma ọ bụrụ na naanị na-aka ya ịdị ukwuu na ùgwù.

E nwere ihe ọzọ version nke ihe bụ agba nke onye eze nke ọkọlọtọ. White straipu - Chọọchị Ọtọdọks bụ ntọala na ntọala nke ndụ. Yellow straipu - autocracy, nke a na mma site Orthodox Church dị ka nanị ụdị ike Chineke nyere ha. Black straipu - a mba na dabeere na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na autocracy. Black - n'ihi na ọ bụ agba nke ụwa, Russia ga na-ebi n'ezinụlọ eze ọrụ ihe n'ala.

esemokwu

White-odo-black ọkọlọtọ ka steeti ọkọlọtọ na-esote 15-20 afọ, a hụrụ n'ụzọ doro anya na ọ bụghị ụka. Ma nso 70 s nke XIX narị afọ na alaeze ike mmegide nke na-emesapụ aka okirikiri, nke na-emegide ndị ọchịchị ndị eze. Òtù ya chọrọ na mba malitere soro Western nlereanya nke development. N'ihi ya, ha na e agụụ na-agụ maka European atụ. Mma site Peter m ọkọlọtọ na, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ-akọ European akara.

Monarchists agha maka ichebe nke onye eze nke ọkọlọtọ. Ha bu ihe doro anya nke oma: otu mba - ọ bụ otu Alaeze Ukwu, na ya mere otu alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ. Nke pụtara niile ọnụ - na mba ahụ bụ anwụ anwụ ma dị ike.

Imperial flags: ha abụọ?

1881 - afọ nke ọnwụ nke Alexander II. Ọnwụ ya bịara na a nnọọ ike na mkpa oge n'ihi na mba. Alexander III nnọọ anya (na 1883, 28 April) nyere acha ọcha-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọbara ọbara ọkọlọtọ nke ọnọdụ nke superpower, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-achụ na-eme ya naanị ahia ọkọlọtọ. Ọnọdụ na-mgbagwoju anya site na eziokwu na ihe nke alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ ka e kagbuo.

Na 1887, ndị Order e nyere site na ndị agha ọchịchị, bụ onye kwuru na nwa-acha odo odo na-acha flags dị ka mba alaeze ukwu.

Ọnọdụ nnọọ ambivalent, kwesịrị ekwubi ozugbo ihe. Na April 1896 nnọchiteanya nke Academy nke Sciences na Ministry kpebiri na a ọhụrụ Ọkaakaa okoloto pụrụ. A alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ fleur nwere dịghị omenala.

Nicholas II iwu iji kwadebe ya echichi echichi ọhụrụ ọkọlọtọ, a prototype nke yiri ọkọlọtọ nke ya ụzọ.

Na March 1896, tupu echichi, Nicholas II, ada ọnụ nnọchiteanya ahụ si Academy nke Sciences na a mba ọzọ na iche n'ahu. The nzukọ kpebiri na tricolor ga-akpọ mba, Russian. ya na agba na-ezo dị ka ala (red, acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọcha).

Interpretation nke ọhụrụ Tri-agba

New agba nke ọkọlọtọ - acha ọcha, acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha uhie uhie - aghọwo mba na natara otu ukara nkọwa. Ya mere, ọhụrụ alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ. Gịnị ka onye ọ bụla nke ya gbalaga?

The kasị ewu ewu na transcript bụ dị ka ndị:

• White - a nnọchiteanya nke ama na candor;
• acha anụnụ anụnụ - eziokwu nnọchianya nke ịdị ọcha, nruwe isi na-eguzosi ike n'ezi;
• red - a nnọchiteanya nke obi ike, ịhụnanya, obi ike, na mmesapụ aka.

Red - a oké ike. Blue - Our Lady, ekpuchi Russia. White - nnwere onwe na onwe. Ọzọkwa, ndị a na agba na-ekwu banyere nkwado nke White, na Little na Great Russia. N'agbanyeghị mgbagwoju akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọkọlọtọ na, n'eziokwu, n'ihi na nke ya na agba, ọ dịghị akụkọ ihe mere eme na heraldic pụtara.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na Government ka na-eji ndị ọhụrụ tricolor ka steeti. The Soviet Union na-ozugbo jụrụ ndị tricolor. Naanị na 1918, Ya. M. Sverdlov tinye n'ihu maka ihu ọma mbuso red ọkọlọtọ, nke ghọrọ obodo ruo afọ 70.

tupu mgbanwe

Ma eneni gara n'ihu. Na 1910, na May 10 guzobere a nzukọ pụrụ iche, bụ onyeisi oche site Minista Justice A. N. Verevkin. Nzube nke a nzute bụ dokwuo anya ajụjụ dị ka nke bụ otu na agba ala, mba. Na nke a nke na e nwere nnukwu-heraldist ọkà mmụta sayensị. N'agbanyeghị ogologo ọrụ, ha na-enweghị ike ịhụ a doro anya heraldic ọmụmụ maka ihe ọ bụla nke ọkọlọtọ. Ma, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na mba na agba - a nwa, odo odo na-acha ọcha. Russian alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ na-eyi ndị a na agba. Ọzọ ọkọlọtọ naanị ahịa ụgbọ mmiri na na n'ime obodo mmiri nwere ike ga-eji.

Ke adianade do, monarchists ga-alaghachi na "ezi" ọkọlọtọ na oge nke na-eru nso 300th ncheta nke Romanov House.

July 27, 1912 ẹkenịmde a nzute, n'oge nke kpebiri a abụọ na uche si ele ihe anya nke a chọrọ ozugbo na ihe anabata na. Ndị a bụ ndị na-a pụrụ iche na ọrụ n'okpuru Ministry nke Navy.

The Commission ẹkenịmde nzukọ abụọ. Ọtụtụ nke votes ka a N'ihi kpebiri na nzukọ pụrụ iche nke Ministry of Justice-achọghị mgbanwe e chọrọ.

Council nke Ozi nke 10 September 1914 kpebiri ezo mbipụta na Ministry of Marine flags. Ma ebe ọ bụ na 1914, ndị ọchịchị na otu ike agaghịkwa obibi heraldic esemokwu. Anyị jisiri ike na a "symbiosis" nke ma ọkọlọtọ. White-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọbara ọbara ọkọlọtọ na "Kryzhi" ugbu a nwere a odo square na abụọ-isi oji ugo. Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ gosiri ịdị n'otu nke mba na akwado ọchịchị ya.

70 afọ mgbe e mesịrị

RSFSR Government November 5, 1990 kpebiri ike a oru ngo nke State akara na ọkọlọtọ nke mba. Iji mezuo nke a, anyị na ike a ọchịchị ọrụ. Ke N'ezie nke otu echiche aka ịtụte-acha ọcha-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha ọbara ọbara ọkọlọtọ. All na-akwado ya ji otu olu. Na November 1, 1991 mmeghari ka oruru e kuchiri mgbe ndị Congress nke Ndị mmadụ Deputies nke Russia. Ke adianade do, emeziri isiokwu, nke kọwara National Flag.

Imperial ọkọlọtọ taa

ajụjụ ugboro ugboro mere ka na-adịbeghị anya banyere otú na-azụ nke ndị eze ukwu ọkọlọtọ. Ma na nke a mere a otutu-adabaghị. Malite na eziokwu na ọ bụ amaghị kpọmkwem na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ndokwa nke okooko osisi. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ nke onye eze nke ezinụlọ. Na a uche, na-now na-alọta ọkọlọtọ nke Russia - alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ - bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọtụtụ ndị na-adịghị aghọta ihe ọ pụtara alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ. Ọ bụ mgbe emeghe maka a Nazi ọkọlọtọ, anya ha na mba ha.

Enwere ihe ngosi nke oge a nke ọkọlọtọ - "Kolovrat". Ochichi nke ala eze na-eburu ihe nnọchianya, nke a na-aghọta ndị kwere ekwe na ndị kwere ekwe ala. Ebe etiti nke waaji ahụ nwere akara oge ochie nke ndị Slavic - Kolovrat, ma ọ bụ Gromovnik. Mgbe ndị nna nna anyị na-ese ihe ngosi nke anyanwụ a, ha kpọrọ maka enyemaka nke chi. Ha gụrụ maka enyemaka ha n'okwu agha. Ha rịọrọ maka owuwe ihe ubi bara ụba, ha chọrọ inweta ihe ọmụma dị nsọ, bụ nke na-erughị n'oge anyị. Ugbu a, ọ bụghị ihe doro anya nke ọkọlọtọ nke alaeze Russia. Ma nye ụfọdụ ndị, ọ ka na-eme ka ịdị ukwuu na mmeri nke Alaeze Ukwu Russia dị.