Nkebi nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ: ndị na-akpata, mmalite, isi agha, ndị weere N'ihi. Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ (1939-1945)

Nnukwu na akụkọ ụmụ mmadụ, World War II bụ ebe ezi uche n'ihu nke First World War. Na 1918, Kaiser si Germany furu efu Entente mba. N'ihi nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ bụ Treaty nke Versailles, nke ndị Germany nwere furu efu nke ya n'ókèala. Germany A machibidoro nwere nnukwu agha, bụ agha mmiri na chịrị. -enwetụbeghị ụdị ya aku nsogbu malitere na mba. Ọ mikwuo ọbụna karịa mgbe Akwa Iduọ Ndutịm Uforo na 1929.

German otu sonso ọbọhọ ya meriri. Ọ bụla uka revanchist mmetụta. On ọchịchọ "weghachi akụkọ ihe mere eme ikpe ziri ezi" malitere ịkụ a populist ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Oké ewu ewu malitere iji Nazi Party, nke na-aga site na Adolf Hitler.

ihe

Akpụkọta wee ike na Berlin na 1933. German ala ngwa ngwa ghọrọ aka ike na malitere ịkwadebe maka ọbịbịa agha n'ihi elu na Europe. N'out oge na Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ a "kpochapụwo" fasizim bilie Italy.

Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ (1939-1945) - ihe omume ọ bụghị naanị na Old World, kamakwa Asia. The region kemgbe a isi iyi nke nchegbu Japan. Na Japan, n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka Germany, ọ anọwo nnọọ na-ewu ewu imperialist mmetụta. The ihe nke iwe nke na Japanese ghọrọ ebelatawo site na-alụ ọgụ nke China. The agha n'etiti abụọ Asian ike kpatara na 1937, na na mmalite nke ndị agha na Europe, ọ na-akụkụ nke izugbe World War II. Japan bụ mmekorita nke Germany.

Na 1933, Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ si League of Nations (obu ụzọ nke UN), kwụsịrị ya nnapu mgwoagha. Na 1938, e nwere Anschluss (annexation) nke Austria. Ọ bụ n'ejighị ọbara, ma ndị na-akpata nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na obere, osụhọde ke eziokwu na European ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị tụgharịa a kpuru ìsì anya na ime ihe ike nke Hitler na akwụsịghị ya absorption nke ọhụrụ iwu ebe.

N'oge na-adịghị mgbe Germany weghaara Sudetenland, bi Germany, ma nwe Czechoslovakia. N'okpuru na steeti a na-gara Poland na Hungary. Na Budapest, na njikọ aka ha na Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ soro ruo 1945. Otu ihe atụ nke Hungary na-egosi na ndị na-akpata nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na obere, gụnyere gụnyere igba gburugburu Hitler mgbochi Kọmunist agha.

mbido

September 1, 1939, ndị agha Germany wakporo Poland. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị Germany kwuru agha France, Britain na ha ọtụtụ chịrị. Abụọ bụ isi ikike sitere nkwekọrịta na Poland na bịara ya agbachitere. Ebe ọ bụ na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ (1939-1945).

N'ihi na a izu tupu agha na Poland, na Wehrmacht German na-ekwuchitere mba kwubiri a nonaggression mmeko na Soviet Union. N'ihi ya, Soviet Union mesịrị bụrụ nke ndị agha dị n'etiti Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ, France na Great Britain. Site na ịbanye nkwekọrịta na Hitler, Stalin edozi ya nsogbu. Na oge tupu Oké Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, na Red Army wakporo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Poland, na Baltic na-ekwu na Bessarabia. Na November 1939, Soviet-Finnish agha. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị Soviet Union weghaara na onwe ya ụfọdụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara.

Ka anya dị ka German-Soviet nnọpụiche, ndị agha Germany nọ na-aku na-arụ nke ọtụtụ ndị Old World. Mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na 1939 e kelee na chịkwaa esenidụt mba. Karịsịa, United States mara ọkwa ya na-anọpụ iche ma na-ya ruo mgbe Japanese agha na Pearl Harbor.

Blitzkrieg na Europe

The Polish-eguzogide-e tiwara mgbe naanị a ọnwa. All a, Germany mere naanị onye n'ihu, dị ka France na United Kingdom na omume ndị maloinitsiativny agwa. N'etiti September 1939 ọ natara a ji mara na-akpọ "phony agha" na May 1940. N'oge ndị a ọnwa ole na ole, Germany na-anọghị nke nọ n'ọrụ arụmọrụ nke British na French wakporo Poland, Denmark na Norway.

The mbụ nkebi nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ dị iche transience. Na April 1940, Germany wakporo Scandinavia. Air na oké osimiri ọdịda were were banyere isi Danish obodo. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị eze Christian X bịanyere aka chịlie aka elu. Na Norway, ndị British na French rutere agha, ma ọ bụ na-enweghị enyemaka megide onslaught nke Wehrmacht. The mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-ji aghara aghara uru nke ndị Germany tupu ha iro. Emetụta ogologo oge nkwadebe maka ọdịnihu na-awụfu ọbara. Mba a dum na-arụ ọrụ maka agha, na Hitler alaghị azụ nditop ke ya cauldron ọhụrụ ego.

Na May 1940, mbuso agha nke Benelux. The ụwa dum ndịghe site na-enwetụbeghị ụdị destructiveness nke bọmbụ nke Rotterdam. Ruru ya ngwa ngwa mpịakọta Germany jisiri ogide isi ọnọdụ tupu nwere allies n'ebe ahụ. Site na njedebe nke May, Belgium, Netherlands na Luxembourg nyefere na e nwere.

Summer agha nke World War II kwagara n'ókèala nke France. Na June 1940, mkpọsa bụ Italy. Ya agha agha ndịda nke France, na Wehrmacht - ugwu. Ọ na-e-adịghị anya na truce e banyere. Ọtụtụ nke France e doro ihe e-arụ. Na a obere free mpaghara na n'ebe ndịda nke obodo e guzobere Petain ọchịchị, nke gara n'ihu na-akwado ndị Germany.

Africa na Balkan

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1940, mgbe Italy banyere agha, isi ihe nkiri nke agha gbanwere na Mediterranean. Ịtali wakporo North Africa na wakporo British isi ke Malta. The "nwa Afrika" ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ndị a dị ịrịba ama ọtụtụ British na French chịrị. Ịtali na mbụ lekwasị na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya na Sudan.

Ụfọdụ French chịrị na Africa jụrụ ịnakwere ihe ọhụrụ French ọchịchị gawa site Pétain. A na akara nke mba mgba megide ndị Nazi malitere Sharl De Goll. Na London, o kere ntọhapụ ije na-akpọ "Ọgụ France". British agha, ya na ndị agha nke de Gaulle malitere iti African chịrị na Germany. Ọ e wepụtara na Sub-Saharan Afrika na Gabon.

Na September, ndị Ịtali wakporo Greece. Ndị agha wee ebe megide backdrop nke agha maka North Africa. Ọtụtụ asakde iso ese na nkebi nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere ikpa na ike na onye ọ bụla ọzọ ọzọ na a wider esemokwu. Greeks jisiri ọma iguzogide onslaught nke Italian ruo mgbe April 1941, mgbe agha mebiri na Germany, nke na-arụ Hellas na dị nnọọ a izu ole na ole.

Yana Greek mkpọsa ndị Germany malitere Yugoslav mkpọsa. The agha nke Balkan na-ekwu, na-kewaa ọtụtụ akụkụ. Ọrụ malitere na April 6 na April 17 na-ama Yugoslavia capitulated. Germany na World War II, ihe dị ka a hegemon adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ. Na nwere Yugoslavia e kere pro-onye fasizim popet ala.

Na mbuso agha nke USSR

All gara aga nkebi nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ tụnyere ọrụ na Germany bụ njikere iji ebe ke USSR. War na naanị a okwu nke oge bụ Soviet Union. Na mbuso agha malitere kpọmkwem mgbe Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ ama nwere ọtụtụ n'ime Europe ma nwee ike itinye uche niile ha agha na Eastern Front.

Part nke Wehrmacht gafere Soviet ókè June 22, 1941. N'ihi na mba anyị, ụbọchị a kara akara mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Na Kremlin, ruo mgbe ikpeazụ oge na-ekweghị na-awakpo ndị Germany. Stalin jụrụ kpọrọ ọgụgụ isi, na-atụle ha ghaara ya ụgha. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, Red Army bụ njikere kpamkpam maka "Operation Barbarossa". Na mmalite ụbọchị nke unimpeded e tụrụ bọmbụ airfields na ndị ọzọ na-emeri na akụrụngwa na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Soviet Union.

USSR na World War II ama osobo ye ọzọ plan nke German blitzkrieg. Na Berlin, gbakọtara maka oyi weghara isi Soviet obodo na European akụkụ nke mba. Ole na ole mbụ ọnwa ihe niile na-aga dị ka Hitler na-atụ anya. Ọ ji nnọọ ọrụ Ukraine, Belarus, na Baltic States. Leningrad bụ ndị agha nọchibidoro. N'ezie nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mere ka esemokwu ka a isi milestone. Ọ bụrụ na Germany ama meriri ndị Soviet Union, ọ ga-adị ndị iro, ma e wezụga n'ihi na UK esenidụt.

Winter na-abịa 1941. Ndị Germany bụ na gburugburu Moscow. Nke dị ná mpụga nke isi obodo ha kwụsịrị ha. November 7 bụ a festive Nme raara nye ncheta nke October mgbanwe. Ndị agha kpọmkwem site Red Square gara n'ihu. Wehrmacht rapaara a ole na ole na iri na abuo kilomita site Moscow. German agha na demoralized oké winters na ọnọdụ ndị tara akpụ nke ọgụ. On December 5, ndị Soviet counteroffensive malitere. Site na njedebe, ndị Germany na-kewapụrụ azụ Moscow. Tupu mgbe nkebi nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-ji ngụkọta abamuru nke Wehrmacht. Ugbu a ndị agha nke atọ Reich mbụ kwụsị ya zuru ụwa ọnụ mgbasa. The Battle nke Moscow bụ mgbanwe nke agha.

Japan si agha na US

Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke 1941, Japan nọgidere na-anọpụ iche na European agha, mgbe na-alụ ọgụ na China. Ụfọdụ ebe, na mba na-edu ndú chere ihu na a usoro nhọrọ: ọgụ ndị Soviet Union ma ọ bụ na United States. The nhọrọ e mere na ihu ọma nke American version. December 7th Japanese ugbo elu wakporo naval isi na Pearl Harbor ke Hawaii. Dị ka a n'ihi nke wakporo bụ ibibi fọrọ nke nta niile American battleships na n'ozuzu a ịrịba akụkụ nke US Pacific Fleet.

Up ka a na United States na World War II mere bụghị n'ihu ọha na-ekere òkè. Mgbe ọnọdụ na Europe agbanweela na ihu ọma nke Germany, na US ọchịchị malitere akwado UK ego, ma emeghị ihe na esemokwu onwe ya. Ugbu a ọnọdụ gbanwere 180 degrees kemgbe Japan bụ mmekorita nke Germany. The n'echi nke agha na Pearl Harbor ke Washington kwuru agha Tokyo. Otú ahụ ka United Alaeze na ya ọchichi. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, Germany, Italy na ya European Satellites nwere kwuru agha na US. Ya mere akpatre kpụrụ contours ịlụ n'ihu esịtidem mmegide na nkera nke abụọ nke World War II. USSR ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa kemgbe na a ala nke agha, na-sonyeere mgbochi Hitler mmekota.

Ọhụrụ 1942 Japanese wakporo Dutch East Indies, ebe ha malitere weghara agwaetiti mgbe agwaetiti-enweghị ọtụtụ ihe isi ike. N'otu oge ịzụlite iwe na Burma. Site n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1942, Japanese na-achịkwa ihe niile nke South East Asia na ukwuu nke Oceania. US World War II gbanwere ọnọdụ na Pacific nkiri nke agha edinam mgbe e mesịrị.

Soviet counteroffensive

Na 1942, Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, bụ nke na-agụnye a table nke ihe, na-emekarị isi ozi na bụ na ya dị oké mkpa ogbo. The agha na-emegide Njikọ ndị dị na ya hà. Ihe gbanwere na njedebe nke 1942. N'oge okpomọkụ ndị Germany ulo oru ọzọ na-akpasu iwe na USSR. Nke a oge, ha isi ebumnobi ya bụ n'ebe ndịda nke obodo. Berlin chọrọ bipu Moscow si mmanụ na ndị ọzọ ego. Ọ dị mkpa ka mbo mbuli Volga.

Na November 1942, ụwa dum na-atụsi anya ozi ọma si na Stalingrad. The Soviet counter-akpasu iwe na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Volga River emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na-emeri na igba kemgbe akpatre pụtara na USSR. Na World War II ọ bụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha na nkwafu ọbara karịa Agha nke Stalingrad. Total weere na abụọ karịa nde mmadụ abụọ. Na ndị na-eri nnukwu mgbalị iji kwụsị tupu nke Red Army na Eastern Front Axles.

The ọzọ usoro ihe ịga nke ọma nke ndị agha Soviet malitere Agha nke Kursk na June - July 1943. Na okpomọkụ, ndị Germany na-agbalị oge ikpeazụ ibute ụzọ na-eme ka agha na ndị Soviet ọnọdụ. Wehrmacht plan okpu. Ndị Germany, ọ bụghị nanị ihe ịga nke ọma, ma na-ekpe ọtụtụ obodo Central Russia (Orel, Belgorod, Kursk), na-eso ndị "chanwụrụ ụwa si eme". All tank agha nke World War II dị iche ọbara, ma nnukwu bụ agha Prokhorovka. Ọ bụ ihe bụ isi merenụ ke ofụri Agha nke Kursk. Site na njedebe nke 1943 - mmalite nke 1944, ndị agha Soviet tọhapụ n'ebe ndịda nke Soviet Union wee bịa na-ala nke Romania.

Allied landings na Italy na Normandy

Na May 1943, ndị òtù sụrụ site ndị Ịtali nke North Africa. The British Navy malitere ịchịkwa dum Mediterranean. Previous oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-ji ịga nke ọma nke Axis. Ugbu a na ọnọdụ ahụ aghọwo nwesịrị.

Na July 1943, American, British na French agha rutere n'ebe Sicily, na September - na Apennine dịịrị banye na mmiri. The Italian ọchịchị ajụla Mussolini na a ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị bịanyere aka nkwekorita na-aga n'ihu onye iro. Akaike, Otú ọ dị, lanahụrụ. N'ihi enyemaka nke ndị Germany, o kere na ulo oru n'ebe ugwu nke Italy popet Republic of Salo. British, French, America na obodo ndị agha okpuru nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emeri ọhụrụ obodo. June 4, 1944, ha gara Rome.

Kpọmkwem ụbọchị abụọ gachara, ndị 6, jikọrọ aka rutere n'ebe Normandy. Ebe ọ bụ na nke abụọ ma ọ bụ ndị Western Front e meghere, na n'ihi na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ dị n'elu (table-egosi ihe omume). Na August, ọ malitere a yiri ọdịda n'ebe ndịda France. August 25 Germany n'ikpeazụ Paris. Site na njedebe nke 1944, n'ihu Nọsi'ike. The isi alụ ọgụ ke Belgium Ardennes, ebe ọ bụla n'akụkụ na-ewe oge ọma mgbalị iji zụlite ya iwe.

February 9 dị ka a n'ihi nke Colmar n'akpa uwe gbara ya gburugburu site na ndị agha Germany, guzo Alsace. The jikọrọ aka jisiri inwere site na-agbachitere "Siegfried Line" na-esi na-German ókè. Na March, mgbe Operation n'ezie Third Reich efu n'ókèala nke West Bank nke Rhine. Na April, ndị jikọrọ aka meriela Ruhr ulo oru ebe. N'otu oge ahụ iji nọgide na-akpasu ya iwe na Northern Italy. April 28, 1945 , Benito Mussolini bụ na-aka nke Italian partisans na e gburu.

Nkebi nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

	ụbọchị	ihe
ogbo 1	1939 - 1941	Na mbuso agha nke Poland, na blitzkrieg na Europe, Africa Campaign
ogbo 2	1941 - 1942	The agha na ndị Soviet Union, Attack na Pearl Harbor
ogbo 3	1942 - 1944	The counter-akpasu iwe nke Red Army, ọdịda na Italy
ogbo 4	1944 - 1945	Agha nke Normandy, ndị German imeri
ogbo 5	1945	Bombu nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki, Japan imeri

Inweta Berlin

Emepe a abụọ n'ihu, na Western allies na-ahazi ha omume na Soviet Union. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1944, ndị Red Army malitere ntọhapụ nke Belarus. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ndị Germany nwere furu efu na-achịkwa nke foduru nke onwunwe ha na USSR (ma e wezụga n'ihi a obere fọdụrụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Latvia).

Na August, agha ekpe Romania n'ihu na-eme ka a satellite nke atọ Reich. N'oge na-adịghị, dị ka ndị ọchịchị nke Bulgaria na Finland. The Germany malitere ngwa ngwa gbapụ si n'ókèala Greece na Yugoslavia. Na February 1945, ndị Red Army mụụrụ ihe ime ihe na tọhapụ Budapest Hungary.

The ụzọ nke Soviet agha ke Berlin efehe gafee Poland. Ọnụ ya na ya na-ekpe ndị Germany nke East Prussia. Berlin ọrụ malitere na mbubreyo April. Hitler maara nke ya onwe ya mmeri, gbukwara onwe ya. May 7 e banyere site na omume nke German kwenye, nke batara ike n'abalị nke 8 na nke 9 nọmba.

The mmeri nke Japanese

Mgbe ke Europe agha biri, na-awụfu ọbara nọgidere na Asia na Pacific. Nke ikpeazụ ike iguzogide ha jikọrọ aka, bụ Japan. Na June, alaeze ukwu ejitelighị Indonesia. Na July, ndị United Kingdom, na United States na China ọkọnọ otu iwu, nke Otú ọ dị, a jụrụ.

6 na 9 August 1945 America na Hiroshima na Nagasaki bọmbụ atọm. Ndị a bụ naanị ha na akụkọ ụmụ mmadụ, mgbe ngwá agha nuklia na-eji maka ọgụ na nzube. Aug. 8 malitere Soviet iwe na Manchuria. The capitulation of Japan e banyere on September 2, 1945. Nke a na-ekwubi Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

ọnwụ

Ruo ugbu a, nnyocha mụụrụ banyere otú ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ merụrụ ahụ na ọtụtụ e gburu World War II. Ná nkezi, ego nke entrained ndụ na-eme atụmatụ na na 55 nde (nde 26 nke ha - na Soviet ụmụ amaala). Financial weere dịrị $ 4 puku ijeri, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ na o siri ike gbakọọ kpọmkwem ọgụgụ.

Hardest kụrụ Europe. Ya ụlọ ọrụ na agriculture weghachiri eweghachi ọtụtụ afọ. Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị e gburu World War II na otú ọ na e bibiri, ọ bịara doo anya naanị mgbe oge ụfọdụ, mgbe obodo nke uwa nke na-emezughị dokwuo anya eziokwu banyere Nazi mpụ megide mmadu.

The kasị ọtụtụ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ mmadụ na-awụfu ọbara E duziri kpamkpam ọhụrụ ụzọ. Site bombu gburu dum obodo, ebibi afọ-ochie akụrụngwa na a nkeji ole na ole. Kwadoro Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ mgbukpọ nke World War II, eduzi megide ndị Juu, Roma na Slavic bi, horrifies ya nkọwa, na n'oge a. German n'ogige ịta ahụhụ ghọrọ ezigbo "ụlọ mmepụta ihe na nke ọnwụ", dị ka German (na Japanese) dọkịta mụụrụ na mmadụ obi ọjọọ ọgwụ na ndu nwere.

pụta

Results nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-mara ọkwa na ndị Potsdam ogbako ke July - August 1945. Europe e kewara n'etiti Soviet Union na Western jikọrọ aka. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba ike Kọmunist pro-Soviet regimes. Germany ka furu efu a bukwanu nke ya n'ókèala. East Prussia e weghaara na Soviet Union, ọtụtụ anāchi achi kwaga Poland. Germany mbụ kewara n'ime anọ zones. Mgbe ndị a ikeketeorie West Germany na socialist GDR. Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndị Soviet Union e nwekwaranụ site na Japan Kuril Islands na ndịda nke Sakhalin. Na China, ndị Kọmunist batara ike.

Western mba Europe mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ enwechaghịzi ha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmetụta. Kpụrụ isi ọnọdụ nke Britain na France nwere United States, na-erughị ndị ọzọ tara nke German ịchọ okwu. M malitere usoro nke disintegration nke colonial alaeze ukwu. Na 1945, e kere site United Nations, e mere ịzọpụta udo nke ụwa. Ideological na ndị ọzọ na-emegiderịta n'etiti USSR na Western jikọrọ aka mee ka mmalite nke Agha Nzuzo.