Olee mba na Europe na e kere site Normans. The Normans na Europe

Tupu anyị chọpụta ihe ala na Europe na e kere site Normans, ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ụdị ndị na-ezo n'okpuru aha ahụ. Okwu a bụ otu ndị ọzọ zuru ebe nile echiche nke "Vikings". Ha bụ ndị ọkà ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-abịa site na Scandinavia, na-achọ a ndụ ka mma na-ahapụ ha aka ike n'ala wee napụ mmepe nke ochie ala.

Oge nke mwakpo si n'ebe ugwu chere nke Asatọ-XI narị afọ. The Vikings ndị ọgọ mmụọ na-efe ofufe a arụsị maka chi, nke bilitere na tupu oge Ndị Kraịst. Isi ọrụ na òtù nzuzo na-ewe otu - chi nke agha. Agha ndụ Norwegians, Danes na Swedes etiwapụ egwu n'ime obi nke Western European alaeze, ka oge na-dajụọ ma na-ọzọ mepere anya. Ha a na-akpọ Vikings Normans (nwere ike sụgharịrị dị ka "ugwu ndị mmadụ"). The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị a ebo ga-enyere mma ịghọta ala na Europe na e kere site Normans. History (mezuwo 6) akpan akpan zuru ezu na-amụ isiokwu a na ya omume.

Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke IX na narị afọ na looting njem ndị mmadụ merela ndị unsystematic. Ndú nwere mmasị nanị mmepụta, nke natara, ha nyere iji laghachi. N'ime oge ahụ, Otú ọ dị, ihe gbanwere. Ugbu a agụụ na-agụ maka njem na ebube ozugbo-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri jide ala ahụ ma biri na ha.

Duchy nke Normandy

Anabatakwa a ajụjụ, nke na-ekwu na Europe na e kere site Normans na akpa ebe ọ ga-kwuru na Duchy nke Normandy. Ala a n'ebe ugwu nke France na ọnụ nke ndị River Seine e nwere site na mbu mwakpo si n'ebe ugwu. Na 889, onye ndú nke Vikings biri ebe a, mara dị ka na-agafe agafe Hrolf. N'ihi ya, na ndị agha ya, ọ wabara alaeze France, na-eru ọbụna na Paris ala ịta ahịhịa. Banyere ya si na ka na-arụrịta ụka. Na otu version of ya - Dane, na ndị ọzọ na - na Norwegian.

Eze nke France bụ enweghị na ya na-akwọ ụgbọala ọzọ nke onwunwe ha, ya mere, na 911, Charles III na Simple Wepụta Rollo (dị ka Christian emere n'ubọchi-akpọ Hrolf) ịrụ rite nke baptism na ibu a nọ n'okpuru nke Carolingian. The ndú nke Vikings were aha Robert m na tọrọ ntọala nke Norman usoro ndị eze. Olee mba na Europe na e kere site Normans? Short azịza na-agụnye a duchy. N'ime oge ahụ, ọbịa Scandinavians e webatara na ndị obodo ha we asụsụ na omenala. Nke a na-emetụta ike feudal hierarchy, bụbu ntọala mmekọrịta nke J.Randall nke oge.

Mmeri nke England House of Normandy

A ndepụta ikwu nke mba na Europe na e kere site Normans, England na-aga n'ihu. Isi, onye chịrị Normandy, chie ndị eze nọ n'okpuru nke French okpueze, ma de facto bụghị nanị nọrọ onwe ha, ma na-nwere oké mmetụta agbata obi grafụ na ndị ọzọ nwe fiefs. Ke n'etiti XI narị afọ na England na-achị Eduard Ispovednik, bụ onye so Anglo-Saxon Wessex usoro ndị eze. Na Normandy, ya dịkọrọ ndụ, bụ nwa nke Roberta m Vilgelm. The King na Duke ndị ikwu dị anya, nke nyere ikpeazụ a iwu nri nke inwe mbụ aha.

Mgbe na 1066 Edward nwụrụ, William mara ọkwa ha ikike ka English ocheeze. Ịgafe na n'àgwàetiti ahụ, ihe Norman agha merie ndị Anglo-Saxon na ha ịma ya aka Harold na Agha nke Hastings. N'ikpeazụ ala-eze di subordinated 6 afọ. Ya mere, ụdị nke obodo ke Europe e kere site Normans? Zaa - England. Ihe omume ndị a anọwo na isi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke dum Europe.

The uru nke subordination nke England

Ịtụle ihe ala na Europe na e kere site Normans, anyị agaghị eme ka isi ihe dị mkpa nke akada British n'Àgwàetiti.

Firstly, Albion mesịrị kwụsị agbatị na Scandinavia. Tupu nke a, Norwegian na Danish isi gbalịrị nọrọ n'okpuru agwaetiti nke ike ya. Ụfọdụ ihe ịga nke ọma (atụ, Knud Veliky), ma n'ikpeazụ, nwetara na Vikings emeghị na Britain. Na-ekpere arụsị ịwakpo na n'oge gara aga, ọ bụghị nanị maka England ma maka Europe dị ka a dum. A ọhụrụ oge. Scandinavian alaeze nwayọọ nwayọọ nabata Christianity na banyere ndị nkịtị European development orbit.

Nke abuo, Britain onwe ya agbanweela. Ebe a akpatre naanị ike nke eze e mma, na ihe karịrị afọ na ụba. A oge mgbe agwaetiti coexisted ụfọdụ Anglo-Saxon mba n'oge gara aga. Naanị n'oge ọchịchị nke William na n'otu agha na agha mmiri, A onuogugu e kere, e dere na ama "Domesday Book". Norman ama gwara French na-ama ya ka agwaetiti. English asụsụ ọtụtụ narị afọ ghọrọ a ihe ịrịba ama nke ndị nkịtị. Ma, dị ka ọ na Vikings Hrolfa, na mgbanwe nke ọgbọ mere assimilation, site na nke penetrated a otutu French okwu na asụsụ obodo.

Anglo-Norman

Norman usoro ndị eze chịrị ruo 1135. Wilhelm na ụmụ ya atọwo ntọ-ala nke oge a English ala, nke ghọọ UK. Na nna ya nwụsịrị, ocheeze e ketara site nwa-ya, William II namesake Auburn (Rufọs) (1087 - 1100). Ya nwoke tọrọ Robert Kurtgoz natara Normandy. Site n'ụzọ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-ahazi nke Mbụ Agha Ntụte na Middle East.

Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị ikwu na ihe mebiri mgbe mgbe esemokwu n'elu utu aha. The esemokwu bụghị e kpebiri, mgbe William e gburu na ichu nta. Ọ dị iche bụ ogwu agwa na ledara obodo Anglo-Saxon oké ozu, nke ọtụtụ ndị ghara ikwe ntọala nke ala.

English ocheeze e ji site ntà nke ụmụnna - Henry m (1100 - 1135). Robert nọ na-agbalị iji na-enweta English okpueze, ruo mgbe ọ na-e mkpọrọ n'oge Agha nke Tanshbre na 1106. Ọ a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka afọ 28 na nwụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Henry natakwara Normandy ma sonyere nna ya ketara. Mgbe ọ malitere ya mgbasa na Wales. Ke adianade do, ọ dabeere na French n'ógbè Brittany.

Nwa ya na nọchiri, Wilhelm nwụrụ n'ụzọ dị mwute na 1120 mgbe okuku na "White ship" na English Channel. Ihe omume a na-mụwo dynastic nsogbu. Mgbe Henry ọnwụ agha obodo tiwapụrụ n'etiti nwa nwanne ya Stephen na nwa Matilda. Nwa-ya nwoke, Henry II rigoro ebekpo ke 1167, mgbe nke ahụ usoro ndị eze akpatre mkpirikpi, dị ka eze ọhụrụ na nna ya bụ ndị Plantagenet ezinụlọ.

Ọ bụ n'oge a na usoro ndị eze na-amalite-asọkọta ọnụ na Norman J.Randall na Anglo-Saxon bi, bụ nke mere ka ọmụmụ nke English mba ke mbubreyo Middle Ages.

asị nke Aversa

The ịtụnanya akụkọ nke Scandinavian mercenaries abatawo n'ime ndịda Ịtali na kere e nwere alaeze, ike-elelịkwa mgbe ọ na-abịa ihe ụdị ala na Europe na e kere site Normans.

Mbụ ha onwunwe na Apennine dịịrị banye na mmiri bụ na-asị nke Aversa na oge a na mkpọsa. Ọ e nyere Raynulfu Drengo Duke Sergius IV of Naples na 1030. Future Earl n'etiti ọtụtụ mercenaries si North nke France buso ndị Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, na Italian mgbochi feudal.

asị Puglia

Yiri bụ akara aka nke ezinụlọ nke William Hauteville ezinụlọ (ụfọdụ isi mmalite - Hauteville). Ọ bụkwa a mercenary, na na ọtụtụ agha esemokwu ghọrọ agụ nke Apulia, na-achụpụ ndị Byzantium na 1042. N'ime oge ahụ, ha mere ụba onwunwe ha, na-aghọta onwe ha eze nọ n'okpuru nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom, nke Pope.

Ya mere, na 1071, Robert Guiscard chụpụrụ Alakụba si n'àgwàetiti Sicily, wee nwetara n'ime onwunwe nke otu aha si Pope County. All ndị a na-ekwu, na-kere site Normans.

Alaeze nke Italy

Mgbe ọtụtụ di na nwunye, ndị ezinụlọ ex-mercenaries na ndị niile dị mkpa nketa feuds Southern Italy nọ aka nke Roger II, bụ ndị na-so Hauteville ezinụlọ usoro ndị eze. Na Christmas 1130 na antipope Anaclet II kwuru ya eze nke Sicily. Mgbe e mesịrị, a aha ga-ghọtara na Rome. Sicilian alaeze akpatara ọtụtụ mmeri e meriri ndị agha Byzantium na a narị afọ na-achị ike na Mediterranean. N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ, o rubere isi ọbụna ala North Africa na Greece.

Otú ọ dị usoro ndị eze sitere Normandy n'ocheeze ahụ were a dịtụ mkpirikpi oge. Na 1194 ọ gabigara na Hohenstaufen usoro ndị eze, nke na-agụnye ndị ahụ German eze ukwu. Ke ofụri ofụri, Sicilian alaeze kere ruo 1816, mgbe ọ kagburu na njedebe nke ndị Congress of Vienna mgbe Napoleonic Wars. N'ihi ya na-agwụ akụkọ nke ihe ala na Europe na e kere site Normans. Azịza bụ n'ezie ihe ijuanya, ebe mba ole na ole jisiri weghara utu aha dị iche iche n'ógbè nke UK na Mediterranean.

The esi nke na-Norman mmeri

The ụmụ nke Vikings nwere mmetụta na kọntinent ọtụtụ narị afọ. State na Europe site Normans, ọ bụghị nanị gbanwere ọchịchị map, ma mee ka agbụrụ agbanwe, ihe atụ, na England.

War na East (gụnyere Crusades) nwetara na Old World Kraịst. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe ala na Europe na e kere site Normans, a nchịkọta nke bụ nke a kọwara n'elu, na-egosi na ọbụna a obere oyi akwa nke omiiko ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịgbanwe akara aka nke ihe dum Afrika.