Poppy (ezinụlọ): general àgwà, atụmatụ na Ifuru usoro

Poppy - a ezinụlọ dicotyledonous osisi nke iji ranunculales nyere ndi mmadu aha ọjọọ ọgwụ opium poppy na n'otu oge ahụ a otutu nke ji achọ ubi okooko osisi. Isiokwu a na-enye a n'ozuzu nkọwa nke botanical osisi.

Njirimara papaveraceous

The ezinụlọ bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ọ na-agụnye banyere 700 umu, n'otu 45 genera. Ukwuu n'ime ya bụ ahịhịa, adịkarịghị osisi na sub-osisi, e wezụga - obere osisi na-ike-dissected ma ọ bụ dum epupụta enweghị stipules. Nkesa ọdịdị mbara ala nnukwu, ma ndị nnukwu nke Representatives etolite ke edere edere na ọnọdụ latitudes. The kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ umu (n'elu 300) bụ nke genus Corydalis.

Papaveraceous: general ji mara ifuru

N'ihi na ndị òtù ezinụlọ na-ji poppy okooko osisi na-bisexual, emi odude singly ma ọ bụ gbakọtara na inflorescences iche iche, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ cyclical, zygomorphic ma ọ bụ aka nri. Ha nwere a abụọ perianth, a ụzọ nke caducous sepals na, dị ka a na-achị, 4 petals, adịkarịghị ọzọ. N'ihi na poppy ji a plurality nke stamens ma ọ bụ stigmas ogidi sedentary umu n'elu ovary. Mkpụrụ - pod ma ọ bụ Capsule nwere obere osisi na endosperm na izizi, nwere mlechnikami, ma ha na-adịghị ugbu a na ihe niile umu. Enweghị isịneke, niile osisi nwere alkaloids.

Poppy na okooko osisi na ezinụlọ di iche iche bụ reminiscent nke Ranunculaceae. Na do, ime actinomorphic na zygomorphic udi, kpamkpam dị iche iche onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

subfamily

Papaveraceous kewara abụọ subfamilies. The isi criterion maka nhazi ọkwa nke nwa - Ọdịdị nke ifuru. Ka ihe atụ, celandine, poppy nwere ziri ezi ọdịdị na-abụ nke subfamily N'ezie poppy, na nnọchiteanya ahụ si zygomorphic - ka Dymyankovym. Ka abụọ ọzọ zuru ezu. The kasị genus Dymyankovyh - Corydalis - agụnye banyere 300 umu. All nke ha na-toro na ọnọdụ climates nke Eurasia na North America. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na - geophytes na tubers (tumadi mgbọrọgwụ si), na ephemeroids. Karịsịa, ọ na-ezo aka ndị maara ihe niile Corydalis vulgaris. Osisi na nnukwu brushes purple-pink okooko osisi, nke na-karịsịa n'anya bumblebees. Na n'ụdị ha ike zygomorphic. Ihe kpatara na - taabụ elu gburugburu, elongated na mberede. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị tụnyere Corydalis na aconite chaatị, anyị pụrụ ịhụ a kpamkpam dị iche iche na ụdị zigomorfii - na mbụ o transverse. Atụmatụ ndị a bụ nanị okooko osisi poppy ezinụlọ.

rụrụ ụka taxonomy

Iji malite, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru taa ndị kasị ewu ewu na-abụọ na ụdị taxonomy nke okooko osisi: APG II usoro (bipụtara na 2003) na Cronquist nhazi ọkwa mepụtara site American ọkà. The abụọ na-ọzọ ọtụtụ ebe-eji na mbụ ụdị, na na oge a na adaptations. Ọ bụrụ na i kweere na APG II usoro, poppy ezinụlọ osisi nke ranunculales iji. Ndị dị otú ahụ data pụrụ mgbe mgbe ịchọta na internet ego. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọdịnala nhazi ọkwa, ha nwere onwe ha iji - Makotsvetnye.

Ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na-aghọta na Ịhazi ọnọdụ nke ezinụlọ bụ n'ezie ambiguous. O doro anya na, poppy nwere Ranunculaceae (nọchiri n'okpuru Buttercup nnukwu) nkịtị nna nna ya. Na nke a, ụfọdụ-akpali nnọọ mmasị ọmụmụ nke America. Ha nwere àgwà nke a ifuru Ranunculaceae na n'otu oge ahụ nwere mlechniki na ha abụghị ihe e ji mara na ihe ịrịba ama, nke nwere poppy ezinụlọ.

Anọchitekwa anya nke ya pụtara maara nke ọma, tumadi na Horticultural ubi. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama, ọ bụ ya, bụ ọgwụ opium poppy. Ọ bụ mma tinye na ọ bụ aha ọjọọ.

ọgwụ opium poppy

Ọ bụ ugbu a na-ekesa naanị na omenala. Emepụta na-emekarị si ọmụmụ akabeghị aka bolls Milky ihe ọṅụṅụ bụ ọgaranya alkaloids, nke na-ekele site na a ọgwụ ele ihe anya .. Narcotine, morphine, codeine, wdg Ọ dịwo anya ọgwụ opium ịṅụ sịga bụ ebe nile na Asia, karịsịa na China, ebe ọ bụ nke a uka agwa. N'ihi ya, na osisi ọ bụghị nanị na ọ bara uru ma na-ize ndụ. Na-eto eto poppy (ọgwụ opium, na ndị ọzọ na ụdị ọgwụ nwere ogige) na Russia na-aju na-alụso ọgwụ kemgbe 2004.

Ndị ọzọ nọ na nke ezinụlọ

Eduga a mkparịta ụka banyere papaveraceous, ọ bụghị banyere eziokwu na ọ na-agụnye a otutu umu na ndị bara uru ọgwụ na achọ ubi osisi.

• Rhode celandine. Ugbu a ọ na-agụnye nanị abụọ umu: Asia na nnukwu. Ma osisi nwere ike ọgwụ Njirimara mara ụmụ mmadụ kemgbe oge immemorial. Na ndị mmadụ, popularly maara dị ka "nipplewort" n'ihi na nke ike nke ihe ọṅụṅụ na-emeso ọrịa akpụkpọ na ifiọk akpụkpa n'ahụ.
• Genus Corydalis. Ọ na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu, ukwuu n'ime perennial osisi. A mara mma - na ndim nke tuberous mgbọrọgwụ, nnukwu racemose inflorescence. Òtù nke genus - bụghị naanị ndị bara ọgwụ osisi, ma na-na mmanụ aṅụ na osisi. Napụrụ ji achọ iche-iche na iche.
• Rhode eschscholzia - a obere genus nke osisi si North America, nke na-agụnye banyere 10 umu. Nnọchianya ya na-kasị mma mara dị ka ornamental osisi, na-emezu dị ka annuals.

• Rhode Argemona. Medicinal Njirimara nke osisi a mara na ndị Aztec. Ugbu a mbuba bụ jiri kpọrọ ihe n'ihi na ya ukwuu ornamental na na ọtụtụ-eji ubi na ime ụlọ hotikoisho.
• Rhode Sanguinar agụnye naanị otu ụdị. Natural osisi ibu gburugburu ebe obibi - ọhịa dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ North America. All ya n'akụkụ nwere ukwuu na-egbu egbu alkaloids. Sanguinar Canadian -eji na-emepụta ọgwụ na omenala na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.