Sayan elu ugwu. The kasị elu mgbe ndị Sayan Mountains

Eleghị anya, ọtụtụ oge a na njem dịkarịa ala otu ugboro ná ndụ na-eche banyere ihe bụ ịdị elu nke Sayan Ugwu. Gịnị mere na ọ nwere ike inwe mmasị? A, e nwere ihe karịrị otu nkọwa, ihe ndị kasị mkpa nke nwere ike na-atụle nkịtị ọchịchọ ịmata na ihe apụghị ịbịanyụ abịanyụ ọchịchọ gaa kasị elu niile kwere omume ihe, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ụwa dị ka a dum, na mba anyị dị ka a kacha nta.

Isiokwu a Aims-agwa gị banyere nke a magburu onwe obodo ebe nke mba ahụ, dị ka ndị Sayan Ugwu. Agụ ga-amụta ọtụtụ ihe bara uru ihe ọmụma banyere nke a akụkụ nke anyị kwuru ekwu na mbara ala.

ozi izugbe

Sayan Mountains foto, nke nwere ike dị na ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla ndu na Russian Federation n'ógbè, abụọ n'ijikọta ugwu usoro na Ndida nke Siberia n'ime Irkutsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Tyva, Khakassia na Buryatia, nakwa dị ka ugwu n'ógbè Mongolia n'ókè Republic of Tuva na Buryatia.

Ugwu na-ekewa geographically n'ime Western na Eastern Sayan, ọ bụla nke nwere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche atụmatụ nke ya.

Ka ihe atụ, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-kwekọọ na kwuru ridges enweghị glaciations, bụ nke dị n'etiti intermountain efere. N'ihi na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mid-ahụkarị ọnụ ọnụ na kpụkọrọ.

Sayan Mountains nwere ọtụtụ osimiri nke na Yenisei River efere.

Mkpọda na-kpuchie na ugwu ugwu apịtị, na-agafe na Alpine tundra. N'etiti ugwu usoro bụ a plurality nke Ikuku nke dị iche iche na udi ma na omimi. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama - Minusinsk Basin, nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mgbe ochie saịtị. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na nkezi njupụta nke elu nke Eastern Sayan dị nnọọ iche ihe yiri index ọdịda anyanwụ ridges.

Ebe aha

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na aha ndị a dị na nsọpụrụ nke eponymous Turkic ebo nke biri na Siberia, ke n'elu esịmde nke Yenisei River na Oka.

Sayan mesịrị jikọrọ ya ọzọ n'ugwu ebo na ghọrọ akụkụ nke Republic of Tuva ndị mmadụ. The otu agbụrụ so Samoyed ebo, na-anọchite anya ya na-akpọ ugwu "Kegmen", mgbe Buryats nyere ha ihe na-esiri ndị mmadụ ntị na oge a na aha - "Sardyk".

Ihe a na ebo na ha emere n'ubọchi gwara Russian Cossacks Tyumenets na Petrov, bụ onye letara na 1615 na omumu nke Altyn Khan. N'ihu na Russian njem ndia ama ugwu depụtara n'okpuru aha Sayani, ndị kasị elu mgbe ndị nke e hụrụ mgbe e mesịrị, bụ 3491 m.

izi Atụmatụ

Ọ ga-kwuru na site a geological ele ihe anya, ọ bụ a na-eto eto n'ugwu, nke, dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, e nwere ihe dị 400 nde. Afọ gara aga.

Ha na-guzobere nke oge ochie nkume na-gụnyere mgbawa ugwu si malite. Tupu e guzobere ugwu e nwere oké osimiri, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site foduru hụrụ fossilized algae.

Formation nke a ugwu enyemaka mere n'okpuru nduzi nke idụhe. N'etiti oge ochie ice n'ugwu na-ekpuchi site kpụkọrọ na ịgbanwee gbanwere ụwa elu, na-akpụ kapịrị ọnụ ọnụ na ndagwurugwu na mkpọda ugwu. Mgbe Okpomoku na kpụkọrọ gbazee, na-ejuputa ọtụtụ gburugburu ma Ikuku nke enyemaka - e nwere ọdọ mmiri nke ice malite.

obodo ọnọdụ

Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na di elu nke Sayan Mountains bụghị dị ka ịrịba ama, ya mere adịghị kwesịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche. Ka anyị hụ ma ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ eziokwu, marakwuo ndị ha obodo atụmatụ.

Ke ofụri ofụri, a bụ n'ihu nke ugwu Altaiskaya ugwu usoro eje ozi dị ka ókè-ala n'etiti China na Russia.

Mountains iso nke yiri ugwu yinye interconnected ọnụ. Na Altaiskaya ugwu usoro Sayans jikọrọ idé Shabin davan. N'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọ gbatịrị Kaltanovsky riiji nke abuts na Itemsky riiji, nke na-erukwa si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke Yenisei River tributary. N'ebe ndịda Kaltanovsky riiji-ejikọ na foothills Omaytura. Na easterly direction si riiji Shabin davan Sayans kewara abụọ ígwè. Northern Sayan maara dị ka Cours-apịtị na South - tuna-apịtị.

Si n'ebe ugwu Sayan upstream Sosnovka na Kyzyn-sous napu apu ugwu eketịbe kewara Kantegir River na Yenisei. Ọzọkwa, site Yenisei na Sayan ugwu na-ewe ọtụtụ ígwè na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Ebube osimiri Yenisei Siberia-aga site ugwu nke n'usoro, na-akpọ Western Sayan, akpụ a set nke mbata.

Na nri mben Yenisey ugwu na-akpụ akpụ were were na steppes Minusinsk district. Sayan alaka na sekit na sekit dị iche iche aha. Site anya n'akụkụ Yenissey Kyzyrsuksky riiji eke a warara odide a dị ike na nsụda mmiri na-akpọ Large mbata. Ọzọkwa ọ gabigara n'etiti osimiri Kyzyr-Suk na Big ma ọ na n'ụsọ oké osimiri Yenissei ebe Biryusinsk circuit na-lowered ka elu nke 1600 ụkwụ.

Na mgbakwunye na alaka abụọ nwere Sayan ugwu na-ekewa osimiri na Kazyr Kizira. Next Agul eketịbe-aga n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na osimiri abahade na Tagul Agul.

Olee otú ndị kasị elu ugwu Sayan: myths na akụkọ na-emeghị nke Sayan Mountains

The ike nke boulders, fọrọ nke nta abutting n'eluigwe, mgbe nile na-ihe n'ike mmụọ nsọ na a na-akwanyere n'ebe ndị bi na ndị a na mpaghara. Ọ bụ ya mere na akụkọ ifo nke ndị obodo i nwere ike izute ọtụtụ akụkọ na-emeghị raara nye nnọọ okwu a. Ka-esi mata ụfọdụ n'ime ha.

N'oge ochie, ndị dị n'eluigwe chi zitere n'ụwa nwa-ya Gesar agha ọjọọ. N'oge ndị ahụ, chi nile na ndị dike bi n'ugwu, na oche-eze Gesar bụ na ugwu ndị kasị elu. Eluigwe dike Bibie ụwa nke na-ezighị ezi na nnukwu anụ, rụrụ ọtụtụ feats. Agha ya tụgharịa nkume ma tụgharịa ugwu. Ugbu a, ha na-akpọ Sayan, na kasị elu nke ha, nke bụ ocheeze ya - Munch-Sardyk. The n'elu nke Sayan Mountains nwere oge ochie aha na ekpuchiworị akụkọ ifo. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-wuru nke nkume ma dekọọ na-akpọ "na-elekọta", ma ọ bụ ebe ofufe na àjà ndị bụ chi.

Ke ofụri ofụri, Geser - a akụkọ ifo ọgụgụ, fee site fọrọ nke nta ka mba niile nke Central Asia. Na akụkọ mgbe a chi nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ cycles na mîdaha banyere 22 000 e. The ọmụmụ ahụ gara n'ihu ikwu The Epic maka otu narị afọ, ma ọ bụ ka na-enweghị ezi data. Ụfọdụ kweere na Geser bụ a chepụtara echepụta agwa, ebe ndị ọzọ na nke uche na The Epic a raara nye Genghis Khan. Ọ dịkwa ike na Gesar bụ Roman translation nke "Caesar" aha (Caesar). Buryat Geseriade enyocha ozizi na epics n'ihu mụrụ ya. Ma, ọtụtụ na-achọ kwere na omenala nke Geser-agwa akụkọ nke a agha ndú ndị bi na XI-XII ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Nzuzo na omimi nke aha

Nna nna nke oge a Tuvan bụ a Turkic ebo Soyots na n'oge gara aga na ugwu na elu esịmde nke osimiri Yenisei na Oka. Dị ka ọkà mmụta banyere mmadụ, "Soyot" na-ezo aka otutu nke okwu "Ya mere Yeon", na otú bụ mba a ka na-akpọ Ya mere Yeon. Mgbe e mesịrị okwu mutate n'ime Sayan. Ebo akpọ ugwu "Kegmen", nke pụtara "eluigwe mgbochi". Buryats ndị a ugwu na-akpọ "Sardyk", nke sụgharịrị n'aka "Ịsaka".

N'ihi na oge mbụ na Sayan Mountains gwara Russian Cossacks na Tyumenets Petrov, bụ onye letara na 1615 na Altyn-Khan. Sayan mbụ andikan Commissioner Pester achọpụta ókè n'ugwu na-elekọta n'ókè posts na akara na 1778-1780 biennium. Sayan research malitere na XIX narị afọ.

geological atụmatụ

West Sayan nwere a apịaji Ọdịdị na bụ akụkụ nke Caledonia belt nke Paleozoic Altai-Sayan mpaghara. Ọ erukwa si n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ụdị ihe ellipse, nke na-bounded n'akụkụ niile site mmejọ. The esịtidem Ọdịdị bụ n'ihi na a mgbagwoju cover-sharyazhnym ụdị Ọdịdị.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpughe a mgbagwoju na na achị nke, dị ka elu nke Sayan Mountains, tinyekwara na ugwu usoro nke ọdịda anyanwụ na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ tectonic zones (North-Sayan, Tsentralnosayanskuyu, Boruss na Kurtushubinskuyu). Na North Sayansky belt agụnye volcanosedimentary sediments Vendian-Cambrian nkume na a compound ophiolite mélange zones.

N'ihi Kurtushibinskogo na Boruss zones ahụkarị Lower Paleozoic quartzites na diabase na ụrọ-siliceous shale na ultramafic nkume. A nkume nke mgbagwoju tectonic na sedimentary mixtures. Tsentralnosayansky belt mejupụtara a mgbagwoju nke volcanogenic formations flyschoid Early Paleozoic konkiri na ọtụtụ n'ígwé. N'ihi na nke a na mpaghara e ji tectonic ụyọkọ na oge ufodu mgbanwe nke sedimentary nkume. Ọ na-mgbe ụfọdụ dịpụrụ adịpụ iche iche Dzhebashskuyu mpaghara enwe a ọzọ oge ochie (Riphean) si dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke West Sayans. Ọ na-adịkwaghị gbanwere mgbawa ugwu na flysch ego na ya.

Eastern Sayan ekewa dabere na ya afọ. The n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, dị n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, bụ nke kasị ochie (Precambrian) ụdị, na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-- nke nta (Caledonia) pịnye. The mbụ mejupụtara gbanwere Precambrian nkume, nke na-agụnye oge ochie gneisses na amphibolites. Central Derbinskoj anticline nwere a Ọdịdị nke ndị na-eto nkume - schist, marble na amphibolite. Southwest Sayans akụkụ esịnede mgbawa ugwu na sedimentary nkume. Na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Eastern Sayan orogenic Ikuku kpụrụ, esịnede mgbawa ugwu clastic nkume.

mineral ugwu

Ịtụle na ihe nkowa echiche nke ịdị elu, Sayan ike-anọchi anya dị ka a onye-ibe geological ihe. N'ihi gịnị? Ihe bụ na ha ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ogologo na elu karịa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ka ihe atụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke akụkụ mbụ adahade elu oké osimiri ka 3.491 m (kasị elu mgbe ndị Sayan Mountains - Munch-Sardyk), mgbe nke abụọ -. Naanị 3121 m Ee, na ogologo nke Iru-anyanwu nke 400 km karịa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ndịrịta iche ndị a, uru nakwa mkpa nke a n'usoro maka aku na uba nke mba anyị siri ike overestimate. The eziokwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị bara uru umu aa na ha usoro, na-akpali mmasị.

Na West Sayan, e nwere ego na nke ígwè, ọla kọpa, gold, chrysotile Asbestos, molybdenum na tungsten ores. Isi akụ na ụba nke na Ngwuputa nke ịnweta ego - ígwè na chrysotile Asbestos. Iron ore akọ hydrothermally metasomatic ụdị jikọtara gabbroides ụba basicity na granites. Chrysotile Asbestos jikọtara Cambrian ultrabasites.

Eastern Sayan Mountains, nke ịdị elu ya kasị pụta ìhè, mara ego nke gold, ígwè, aluminum, titanium ore na ndị ọzọ na obere ọla, graphite, mica, magnesite. Ego na ígwè nọchiri anya ferruginous quartzite, mgbawa ugwu-sedimentary hematite-magnetite na magnetite ores. Aluminum ores ọkọnọ bauxite, sillimanite na urtite Proterozoic shales. Site agroores bụ abụọ phosphates. Ọzọkwa ebe a na e nwere obere ego nke kọntaktị-metasomatic phlogopite na muscovite pegmatite. Na mpaghara nke quartz mee na-hụrụ, graphite, jed, chrysotile Asbestos, na nkume nzu na arụ ụlọ.

Western Sayan

Nke a na ebe erukwa n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Eastern Sayan, si isi iyi nke osimiri Small Abakan na mmiri nke osimiri Kazyr na Uda. The kasị elu mgbe nke riiji a na-ewere Kyzyl apịtị (3120 m) na bụ akụkụ Sayansky Ikegasị riiji.

Mountain odida obodo na-ahụkarị nke Alpine teren na mkpọda ugwu, na ọtụtụ nkume placers. Mountain ọnụ ọnụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ-apụghị iru elu nke elu 3000 m, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ha ala 2000 m. The ụkwụ nke mkpọda na-kpuchie na pine na deciduous ohia, nke bụ n'elu ntughari na ọchịchịrị coniferous apịtị.

Upper tiers n'ebe ịdị elu nke 2000 m bụ ugwu apịtị na ice ọdọ mmiri, cirques na moraines. Na ókèala nke Western Sayan bụ Sayano-Shushenskaya Reserve.

Eastern Sayan Mountains

The n'elu nke ebe kpuchie mgbe-agbaze enwe snow. The kasị elu mgbe nke Eastern na Sayans onwe ha Sayan n'ugwu, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, a ugwu-Sardyk Munch (3490 m), nke na-adjoined Okinskiy ala dị larịị. Na Araba ebe a kpuchie Alpine ala ahịhịa juru, deciduous ọhịa na ugwu tundra, e na-na-gbahapụrụ nkume ebe. The akụkụ a kpụrụ site mgbakọ nke ọtụtụ ranges, ọ bụ ndị kasị elu elu (Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu A akwa) nwere a elu nke 2980 m.

Topographers elu (3044 m) na e kenyere ya nke abụọ kasị ukwuu elu. Isi kpụkọrọ na-emi odude ke isi ọnụ ọnụ. Ke adianade do, na Eastern Sayan Mountains e a "ndagwurugwu agbọpụta ọkụ" na metụtara nke mgbawa ugwu ahụ, nke bụ a mgbawa ugwu dị larịị. Adịbeghị anya lava anwuru ihe dị 8,000 afọ gara aga. ụwa na-ama "Stolby" Nature Reserve dị ke Eastern Sayan Ugwu.

Gịnị ka ịhụ na Sayan Mountains

Ịtụle niile n'elu eziokwu, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na elu nke Sayan Mountains adọta ọtụtụ ndị njem si dị iche iche na nkuku nke ụwa. Onye ọ bụla chọrọ eche dị ka a akụkụ nke ihe nnukwu na ukwuu.

Otú ọ dị, ebe a beckons bụghị naanị elu, Sayan ugwu nwere a pụrụ iche apịtị Okirikiri na ice ọdọ mmiri, waterfalls na osimiri, eke pụrụ iche Okirikiri.

The kasị na mmadụ na ebe ugwu-ewere Central Sayan (Tofalariya). N'etiti Western Sayan apịtị zoro eke "Stone Town" ebe nkume yiri foduru nke oge ochie castles na ewusiri ike. Eastern Sayan mara Shumak ịnweta iyi na "ndagwurugwu agbọpụta ọkụ."

Karịsịa mara mma ebe Munch-Sardyk na Oka ala dị larịị na July, mgbe ugwu na-kpuchie na yi carpets nke poppies, rhododendron, edelweiss, ọlaedo mgbọrọgwụ na osisi ndị ọzọ. E nwere ọtụtụ-aṅụju, osimiri, ọdọ mmiri ndị na iyi, na-hụrụ elk na musk. Nature Munch-Sardyk fọrọ nke nta na-akpatụbeghị aka mmadụ. Sam Ridge emi odude ke ókè-ala n'etiti Russia na Mongolia, na a gara ebe a-ekwe omume nanị na ikike nke ókè-ala ọrụ, ma ọ bụghị dị elu nke Sayan ugwu na-akpali mmasị naanị site n'èzí.