Soviet counteroffensive nso Moscow. Ulo oru a counteroffensive na Agha nke Moscow

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme e nwere oge a na-apụghị rewritten ma ọ bụ gbanwetụrụ dịghị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere. Siri ike na ọdịda nke 1941, mgbe egwu, o yiri niile n'ụwa, e nwere a ajụjụ nke na-echebekwa ike n'ezi ihe nke Soviet Union, a otutu mgbalị a tụbara na-agbachitere Moscow. Na n'agbanyeghị ịrịba ama na ọnọdụ, ndị agha nke atọ asakde iso ese December 5, 1941 malitere a counter-akpasu iwe nke Soviet agha nso Moscow. Site n'ụbọchị ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ ma n'ezie jupụtara onye fasizim mwakpo nke dị n'ebe ọdịda ala nke anyị na ala. Ma ọ bụghị otú chere ọrụ weghara USSR ndị Nazi.

atụmatụ Barbarossa

The okpomọkụ nke 1941 bụ mwute maka Soviet Union. June 22 na onye fasizim German agha imebi ala ókè-ala ma kwaga na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akpasu iwe arụmọrụ. Na obi nke na mmalite nke German dina ama Barbarossa plan, mepụtara Field Marshal Pọlọs. Ọ na-akpọ maka ngwa ngwa tupu nke German agha na European akụkụ nke USSR, ọdịdọ nke niile isi obodo, gụnyere isi obodo na Leningrad (otú ọ pụrụ ga-ẹkekerede ke agha n'ihi na Moscow ga-abụ otu nke na-atụgharị atụgharị ihe na nke a jọgburu onwe ya agha). The isi nke ịwa Pọlọs kwere kpọọ nke Caucasus ka anya dị ka o kwere ngwaọrụ. Mgbe niile, European ebuka nke manu na a ogologo mkpọsa na Wehrmacht ike ịpụta ihe.

Ọ ga-ha ghọta na isi atụmatụ nke a atụmatụ bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa tupu nke dị ike tank iche iche na ndị kwesịrị ịgbawa agbachitere nke Red Army na bee ya iga akwara ọkọnọ. Ọ na-e chere na German motorized bipu, ịkwaga a obere ihe nwayọọ nwayọọ, a ga-ebibi ndị remnants nke ndị agha nkeji nke Red Army, nke bịara n'okpuru tank agha.

The bipu iwu iji ike a na-akpọ boilers, nakwa unimpeded ohere ka ọkọnọ tank nkeji awakpo. Nke a ọrụ e nyere otu ìgwè ndị agha "Center", n'okpuru iwu nke Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Ọ ẹkewetde nke 4 nke na 9 nke Army, rụrụ cover bipu tank otu, nke e hiwere site 2nd na 3rd tank iche iche. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ-njikere tank nkewa ndị a dị iche iche karịa 60. Air nkụzị von Bock kpuchie 2nd Air Force Luftwaffe, na banyere 1.680 ọgụ ugbo elu.

The heroism nke ókè-ala nche

N'agbanyeghị ikwu mberede nke agha, site nnọọ mbụ awa nke ndị Germany na anyị chere ihu kpụ ọkụ na-eguzogide si Soviet ókè nche, onye, nke N'ezie, a pụghị igbochi agha tank wedges mwakpo. Otú ọ dị, awa na ha na nguzosi ike nọ na-agbachitere (a mara eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'ebe ụfọdụ, eri ego nke ndị na-eguzogide smoldered maka ọnwa), kwere ụfọdụ enyemaka site ugbu a ọdachi ọnọdụ Soviet mgbe nkeji na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ direction.

Na ndị ọzọ okwu, ruru nke "oge - ọnwụ" si akpa nkeji nke agha malitere ịrụ ọrụ megide Germany. Ndị a echiche owụt ke memoirs nke ụfọdụ German ọchịagha nke General Staff. Ọ bụ ezie na n'ozuzu ya agbanweghị na mbụ. Germany na-ike, ma wakporo, na-ebibi ndị agha na ngwá ọrụ nke Red Army. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ha onwe ha ahụhụ arọ losses.

E n'ime obodo

War nso Moscow na-chọpụtara na Army Group nkewa "Center", e rụrụ ihe ike. German armored wedges rụọ weghaara ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ọhụrụ n'ókèala, ma ndị ọzọ na-ọ bụ nnọọ na-arahụ ogidi onwe ha jidere ọkụ na akpa na uju nēru nbì. E nwere otu mgbe ịmata kwadebere ogbunigwe nbì bibiri na onye agha na 20 German tankị.

Hitler iwu emeghị ntị dị otú ahụ na-emenye egwu akụkọ si ya isi. O yiri ka ndị mmeri na akpa. Ọdachi nke sikwara ike njite ịgbachitere Red Army ka bụ mezue ikuku kara nke ndị Nazi. Armada Junkers boo n'ala obodo nke udo, na alụso adịghị elelị ọbụna achụ nta nta dị iche iche nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.

Soviet ugbo elu, nso n'ókè-ala-akpali elu, e fọrọ nke nta ebibi. Ya mere, a izu ole na ole ndị iro chere mara ala na mbara igwe. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ụfọdụ alụso ka ama. Dị ka nke ala ọrụ, na 22 June ndị Germany ahụhụ mbụ ọnwụ nke ugbo elu. Na August 7 Soviet ogologo nso ụgbọelu omume tiri mbụ bọmbụ agha na Berlin.

The ebumnobi nke isiokwu a adịghị agụnye nyefe nke aha ndị a ma ama dike na agha nkeji, nke bụ fiercely nzere, na-eyi ala German agha igwe na-aga na isi obodo, si otú na-enye ohere iji kwadebe a counterattack of Soviet agha nso Moscow. Aha ndị na-agụ akụkọ, n'ezie, ọ dịghị onye ga-echefu.

Operation "Typhoon"

M chọrọ iji mara bụ na oge mgbe Wehrmacht bụ nke mbụ na egwu, na dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara, a isi ọnya. Ọ bụ ihe na ụbọchị, mgbe Soviet counter-akpasu iwe na Moscow. Ọ bụ na kpọọ nke bụ isi obodo nke USSR Adolf Hitler jikọrọ isi ịga nke ọma ya blitzkrieg.

Early na na General Staff nke German agha pụrụ iche na ime weghara Moscow e mepụtara, bụ nke e codenamed "Typhoon". The plan-agụnye iji ihe otu tank "wedges". Atọ ujo tank otu zubere na ya kee ihe Soviet chebe onwe na iru Moscow na ọtụtụ ntụziaka, na-ekwe ka bipu n'ezoghị tinye n'ime obodo.

Ruo ogologo oge iji chebe onwe agha

Day counteroffensive nso Moscow ka anya, ma Nazi ọrụ malitere na 30 September. Gburugburu Soviet agha n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Vyazma, ndị Nazi zubere ha mbibi zuru ezu. Otú ọ dị, na-agbachitere obodo ahụ nwere a di ọku eguzogide site Anam Udeme na bipu nke ndị Germany, nke bụ na-akwado na-aga n'ihu tank otu.

Na ọtụtụ ihe, protracted agha nke Vyazma kwere ka Soviet iwu n'ụzọ ike Mozhayskoe direction na-efu nke ọhụrụ mee. Ebe a na ọ ga-kwuru na ọ bụ ya bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa nke dum agbachitere usoro, nke nyere mmalite nke a counter-akpasu iwe nso Moscow.

ala nke nnọchibido

On October 13 niile ntụziaka na-eduga na isi obodo, arọ ọgụ ahụ tiwapụsịrị. The State Defense Committee kpebie na a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na diplomatic agha ke Moscow. The otu Ọchịagha Kasịnụ Stalin jụrụ ịhapụ Moscow.

On October 19, na a ala nke nnọchibido e nyekwara iwu. Ọtụtụ puku ndị bi na Moscow replenished nkewa nke mba agha, na-egwu ala iji chebe onwe trenches, wụnye pụrụ iche antitank mgbochi. Nkụzị of Soviet agha na Vyazma site oké mgbalị jisiri tiekwa mkpu, patting budata agbatị na German n'azụ na budata ike ya nkewa Ọdịdị na gbachiteere isi obodo.

agha Nme

Na nkera nke abụọ nke October, ndị Germany na ndị ka na-akpasu ya iwe ijeụkwụ, ịnọgide na-akwa Moscow. Ha were Orel, Kalinin na ruru eru nso ka Tula. Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu echiche nke ime "Typhoon" bụ doro anya na-enwe nkụda mmụọ. Ndị Nazi enweghịkwa ike tupu oké oyi na-atụ weghara Moscow.

Ná mmalite November, mgbe Agha nke Moscow na "tawa," ka Ọchịagha Kasịnụ Stalin nwere echiche jide a agha Nme na Moscow. Ọ bụ a dị nnọọ mkpa na ndị maara ihe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aga nke Soviet na-edu ndú. November 7 Nme wee ebe. The nile bi na nke Soviet Union-emecha na-eguzogide ihe omume mere oké echiche.

Ndị agha, onye gaa ije ke Nme, hụrụ Stalin na n'ebe ikpo okwu nke Mausoleum. Ọ bịara doo anya na ihe niile na n'ihu ndị kasị mkpa ma bụrụkwa agha, nke bụ ka ezere si na-aga ọbụna elu na mba na-edu ndú. The mmụọ nke na-eje ozi na n'ihu nke Red Army bụ unprecedentedly elu. Anyị nwere ike n'enweghị ekwu na agha nke Moscow, Soviet counteroffensive na gwakwara steeti si Nazi malitere ebe a, na Red Square.

Nyefee nke agha si n'Ebe East

Ke adianade do, onye wetara anya maka German General Staff bụ ihe mberede nyefe si Far East nkewa, nke nọ n'ebe iji gbochie ọgụ Union Fascist Japan. Soviet nzuzo ije ozi a pụrụ iche na ime nke disinformation Japanese iwu, otú ọhụrụ na mma-agha agha rutere na-akwado Soviet counteroffensive nso Moscow.

Otú ọ dị, German iwu amaghị banyere ya ma na-anọgide na-azụlite arụmọrụ ịga nke ọma. Na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke n'ihu ndị Nazi jisiri abịa Moscow na 11 km. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na ndị dị ike onslaught nke Red Army guzo. Ike ga-agwụ na-alụ ọgụ German nkeji nwere ike agaghịkwa tupu.

The Inye ego mmiri oyi ebe

Si 5 6 December maka ndị Germany ulo oru a na anya na-akpasu iwe nke Soviet agha nso Moscow, na gbajiri German agha, a chụpụrụ azụ 150-200 km si isi obodo. Weere niile metere site siburu anwụ anwụ Wehrmacht bụ monstrous. Naanị manpower ebibi ihe karịrị 500 na puku ndị mmadụ. N'Ihu ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na a ogologo afọ anọ agha. Ma mbụ mgbape agha igwe nke Nazi Germany nwere ya Agha nke Moscow.