The V8 engine: àgwà, photos, esereese, ngwaọrụ, olu, ibu ibu. Cars na V8 engine

Ugbu e nwere ọtụtụ Powertrain nhọrọ dabere na ndokwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders. V8 engine na-ezo aka ọkwa kachasị elu nke Motors maka njem ụgbọala, dị ka ha na-ruo eruo na egwuregwu na okomoko ụdị. Ya mere, ha na-adịghị nnọọ nkịtị, ma ina.

definition

V8 engine bụ a ike unit na a V ekara ndokwa nke cylinders ahịrị abụọ nke anọ na a nkịtị crankshaft.

Ndabere nke

Ná mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga, e nweghị ihe jikọrọ engine ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-, ihe ndị dị ka ndị na-abawanye na ọsọ na ikike, nakwa dị ka ọchịchọ belata na-eri dugara iwebata nke nkezi olu nke cylinder. Ke adianade do, e nwere ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka a liter ike. N'ihi ya, ha na-kegide engine ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders. Nke ahụ bụ na onye ọ bụla cylinder nwere otu olu, na a kpọmkwem olu uru wepu ụfọdụ ike. Ọzọkwa, ndị a ji mara na-kachasị, ya bụ, ime ihe karịrị ha uka mmepụta bụghị uru. Ya mere, obere uka ụdị malitere itinye engines nke obere olu na a ole na ole nke cylinders, na iji nweta ihe elu ike a chọrọ iji ike a multi-cylinder ike nkeji ibu olu.

akụkọ

The mbụ V8 engine malitere mmepụta ke 1904. Ọ na-e mepụtara afọ abụọ gara aga Leonom Levasserom. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-emetụta ụgbọala na-enịm ke ụgbọelu na obere ụgbọ mmiri.

First Automobile engine V8 3536 ^cm3 olu tọhapụrụ apụta-Royce ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ wuru naanị 3 ụgbọala, onwem na ha.

Na 1910, 7773 ^cm3 V8 e osụk site emeputa De Dion-Bouton. Ọ bụ ezie na ụgbọala onwem na ha na-tọhapụrụ nnọọ a bit, na 1912 ọ nọ na-adade ke New York, na-eme a otutu mmasị. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ihe e kere eke nke dị Motors eme American Nsukka.

The mbụ dịtụ uka-mepụtara ụgbọala na a V8 engine bụ ụlọ ọrụ Cadillac na 1914. Ọ bụ nizhneklapannym engine ike nke 5429 cm ^3. Ọ na-kweere na ya imewe e depụtaghachiri si n'elu-e kwuru French ike unit. N'afọ mbụ anyị na-emepụta gburugburu 13 000 ụgbọala onwem na ha.

Mgbe 2 afọ, ya version of a 4 liter V8 ẹkenam Oldsmobile.

Na 1917, Chevrolet malitekwara mmepụta nke V8 4.7 liter, Otú ọ dị, na-esote afọ, emeputa ghọrọ akụkụ nke GM si, nke bụ nkeji na abụọ sịrị kwuru n'elu. Otú ọ dị, Chevrolet, n'adịghị ha, na-gbakwasara na nke nke manu-oru oma ụgbọala, nke na-azọrọ na iru mfe engines, otú ahụ ka V8 mmepụta kwụsịrị.

All engines na-tụlere n'elu arụnyere na ihe dị oké ọnụ ụdị. N'ihi na oge mbụ na uka nke nke bufee Ford ụlọ ọrụ na 1932 g Model 18. Ọzọkwa, ike unit nwere a bukwanu technical ọhụrụ. Ọ na-e onwem na a nkedo ígwè cylinder ngọngọ, bụ ezie na tupu mmepụta nke a n'akụkụ ụfọdụ atụle nyochawa agaghị ekwe omume, otú ahụ ka cylinders na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị crankcase, nke mgbagwoju anya na ọnụ ha mmepụta. Ka ịmepụta otu mpempe mkpa ime ka nkà na ụzụ nke nkedo. The ọhụrụ ike unit akpọ Flathead. Ọ na-emepụta ruo 1954

Na US karịsịa n'ebe nile V8 engines dị na 30-ies. Ha wee na-ewu ewu na ndị a na ike nkeji kwadebe niile klas nke ụgbọala, ma e wezụga subcompact. A ụgbọ ala na a V8 engine site na njedebe nke 1970 guru nke 80% niile arụpụtara na United States. Ya mere, ọtụtụ okwu metụtara ndị a ike nkeji, nke American si malite, na V8, ọtụtụ ndị ka na-akpakọrịta na American ụgbọala.

Na Europe, ndị a engines achọtaghi ama otú ahụ. Ya mere, ke akpa ọkara nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ na ọ onwem na naanị ibe emepụta site J.Randall ụdị. Naanị na '50s malitere ịpụta mbụ mmepụta asatọ cylinder engines ma ọ bụ ụgbọala na a V8 engine. Na ụfọdụ ndị nke ikpeazụ a kwadebere n'ụzọ na American-mere powertrains.

ndokwa

Ná mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na oge a na engines nkata, n'ihi na ihe atụ, semitsilindrovye, asatọ cylinder na-akara na kpakpando.

Na streamlining Ọdịdị Motors, site na-ewebata n'elu-e kwuru ụkpụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders ugbu a kpebisiri ike maka engines dị ka ha ike. Ma mgbe ahụ, ajụjụ bilie nke ha ezigbo ọnọdụ.

First ọ pụtara mfe version nke layout - na-akara cylinders. Nke a na ụdị na-achọ ha echichi na esepu otu n'azụ nke ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ndokwa a bụ mkpa maka engines na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọ bụla karịrị isii cylinders. The kasị anọ na-cylinder variants. Abụọ- na atọ-cylinder engines ndị dịtụ obere, ọ bụ ezie na ọ pụtara na n'oge XX narị afọ. Ise-cylinder engines na-bụghị nnọọ nkịtị, ma e wezụga, ha e mepụtara naanị na ufọt ufọt 70s. Six-cylinder na-akara engines na-now adịkwa ewu ewu. Okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu inline asatọ cylinder engines kwụsịrị itinye na 30-ies.

Jiri nke V ekara circuit maka Motors na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke cylinders ruru ka ubi layout echiche. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji inline layout maka multi-cylinder ike nkeji, ha ga-enweta kwa ogologo, na e nwere nsogbu na ha pụrụ isi chọta n'okpuru hundu. Ugbu a, ndị kasị nkịtị cross-okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na post na-akara isii cylinder engine ọbụna otú ọ bụ nnọọ ike. Na nke a, ọtụtụ nsogbu ime na pụrụ isi chọta nke gearbox. Ọ bụ ya mere ndị dị otú ahụ engines nyere ụzọ V6 njupụta. Nke ikpeazụ nwere ike positioned ma longitudinally na mpụta.

ngwa

Scheme atụle akacha eji na engines nke nnukwu olu. Ha na-enịm tumadi na egwuregwu na adịchaghị ụdị n'etiti njem ụgbọala na arọ SUVs, gwongworo, ụgbọ ala, traktọ.

e ji mara

Site osnonovnym V8 parameters gụnyere olu ike, ida n'akuku iru ala.

olu

Nke a oke bụ otu n'ime isi ihe maka ọ bụla esịtidem combustion engine. Ná mmalite nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke esịtidem combustion engine e nweghị njikọ n'etiti moto ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders, na nkezi ego bụ nnọọ elu karịa ka ọ dị ugbu a. N'ihi ya, mara otu-cylinder engine 10 liter na 23 liter isii cylinder.

Otú ọ dị, e mesịrị ẹkenam cylinder olu oke kwuru n'elu na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti na olu na ike.

Dị ka e kwuru, bụ ndokwa n'okpuru echiche na-eji tumadi maka mnogolitrovyh powertrains. Ya mere, na olu V8 engine na-abụkarị ihe na-erughị 4 lita. The kacha uru maka nke a oke maka oge a engines nke njem ụgbọala na SUVs ruru 8.5 lita. On gwongworo, traktọ, bọs na iru a volumetric ike nkeji (24 l).

ike

Nke a V8 engine e ji mara nwere ike kpebisie ike dabeere kpọmkwem liter ike. Maka petrol ikuku engine ọ bụ na 100 HP N'ihi ya, moto 4 L nwere ihe nkezi ike nke 400 HP N'ihi ya, embodiments nke a ibu ibu dị ike. Na ikpe nke ụfọdụ usoro, karịsịa mbo mbuli liter ike na-budata ụba.

camber

Nke a oke mkpa naanị maka engines V ekara layout. Ọ na-ezo aka na n'akuku n'etiti cylinder anoghi n'ulo oba. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị engines ọ bụ 90 Celsius. Njupụta nke ndokwa a nke cylinders n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ na-enye ohere iji nweta a ala ozo nke vibration na kacha mgbanye nke ngwakọta na ike a ala na mbara engine. Nke ikpeazụ mma utịp ke controllability, dị ka a ike unit ebelata center nke ike ndọda.

Ọtụtụ obere nkịtị engines na n'akuku nke 60º. Budata nta engines na ọbụna a kacha nta n'akuku. Nke a na-ebelata obosara nke engine, Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ embodiments, vibration siri ike imenyụ.

E nwere Motors na gbasaa n'akuku nke cylinders (180º). Nke ahụ bụ, ha cylinders mere ndokwa na a kwụ ụgbọelu, na pistons akpali n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ Motors na-akpọ V ekara, na-emegide na denoted site akwụkwọ ozi B.Oni enye a nnọọ ala center nke ike ndọda, ka ndị dị otú ahụ engines arụnyere isi sports nlereanya. Otú ọ dị, ha dị iche na a nnukwu obosara, otú ahụ oku okpu engine dị ụkọ n'ihi na nke mgbagwoju anya nke a pụrụ isi chọta.

vibration

Ndị a phenomena ọ bụla ikpe na-egosi mgbe eji a pistin engine. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-emepụta na-agbalị na-ebelata ha, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị nanị na-emetụta ndị nkasi obi, ma na-na oké etoju nwere ike ime ka mebiri na mbibi nke ndị na engine.

Ya ịrụ ọrụ na-multidirectional agha na oge. Iji belata vibrations mkpa iji mee ha. Otu ihe ngwọta na-na nke a bụ chepụta engine ya na oge na agha hà na dị iche iche ntụziaka. N'aka nke ọzọ, ekwesịghị naanị gbanwee crankshaft. Ya mere, i nwere ike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke ya magazin na wụnye ya anaghị ekwe ma ọ bụ na-eji counter-itule akụ.

iru ala

Mbụ niile, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru n'etiti ndị nkịtị engine eguzozie naanị abụọ na ụdị - n'usoro ma na-emegide, na isii cylinder. Motors ọzọ configurations dị iche na-egosi.

Ma ihe ndị V8, ha dị nnọọ mma ziri ezi, na karịsịa variants na nri akụkụ nke cylinders na ndokwa na perpendicular ụgbọ elu crank nke dị n'ụkwụ. Ke adianade do, e nyere ire ụtọ na ike inye edo eri oké nri nke outbreaks. Dị otú ahụ Motors nwere nanị abụọ ekwesịghị oge na ǹtì elu cylinders nke nwere ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu ụgwọ atụrụ site abụọ counterweights na crankshaft.

uru

V-engines dị iche iche si engines na n'usoro ndokwa nke elu torque. Nke a na-eme ka moto circuit V8. N'adịghị ka inline engine, ebe direction perpendicular agha ozugbo, a na engine, ha na-eme na na aro na abụọ nke tangent. Nke a na-emepụta a nnọọ ukwuu inertia, na-enye aro ike osooso.

Ke adianade do, V8 crankshaft elu rigidity. Nke ahụ bụ, mmewere bụ ike, ọzọ inogide na Ya mere irè mgbe na-arụ ọrụ ịgba ọnọdụ. Na na ọ gbatịrị nso nke ọrụ frequencies nke moto na-enye ohere iji nweta ọkụ ngwa ngwa.

N'ikpeazụ, V ekara engines ihe kọmpat tụnyere na inline. Na ha na-abụghị nanị mkpumkpu, ma ala karịa na hụrụ na foto nke V8 engine.

-adịghị emezi emezi

Engines n'okpuru echiche dị iche na okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na mgbagwoju Ọdịdị, nke na-eduga elu na-eri. Ọzọkwa, na a dịtụ obere ogologo na ịdị elu na ha dum. Ọzọkwa V8 engine ibu nnukwu (150 200 kg), nke na-akpata nsogbu na ibu nkesa. Ya mere, ha na-enịm na obere ụgbọala. Ke adianade do, ndị a Motors nwere bukwanu vibration na ike guzozie. N'ikpeazụ, ha na-oké ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ. Firstly, ọ bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na V8 engine, na ngwaọrụ bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya. E wezụga, ọ nwere a ukwuu nke akụkụ. Ya mere V8 engine idozi mgbagwoju na oké ọnụ. Nke abuo, dị Motors na-ji elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri.

oge a na mmepe

Na mmepe nke niile esịtidem combustion engines kemgbe a na-adịbeghị anya ọchịchọ dịkwuo irè, arụmọrụ. Nke a na-enweta site na mbenata nke akporo na ngwa nke dị iche iche na usoro dị ka kpọmkwem mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba, turbocharging, agbanwe valvụ oge, na na. D. Nke a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ibu engines, gụnyere V8, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ adịkwa ewu ewu. Mnogolitrovye Motors na-now dochie turbocharged engines nta olu. Nke a bụ karịsịa otụk nsụgharị V12 na V10, nke na-anọchi a supercharged V8, na ndị ikpeazụ - na V6. Nke ahụ bụ nkezi ego nke Motors na-ebelata, nwere obere n'ihi na-abawanye nke arụmọrụ, nke bụ ihe na-egosi liter ike.
Otú ọ dị, egwuregwu na okomoko ụgbọala ka na-eji ike mnogolitrovye powertrains. Na ha arụmọrụ a na-budata ụba tụnyere gara aga site n'iji oge a teknụzụ.

atụmanya

N'agbanyeghị na atụmanya nke dochie esịtidem combustion engine na electric na ndị ọzọ environmentally friendly engines, ha ka na-efu ha mkpa. The akpan akpan V ekara embodiments na-atụle ga-nnọọ ekwe. Ka ụbọchị, ndị na-emepụta mepụtara na ụzọ nke na-agwa okwu adịghị ike ha. Ọzọkwa, ha na-ele, na nwere nke ike nkeji na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu mara, ka ha dị nnọọ kwalite.