Aircraft aluminum: e ji mara

N'ihi na ala, ductility na iguzogide corrosion nke aluminum aghọwo ihe dị oké ihe ọtụtụ ọrụ. Aircraft aluminum - ìgwè nke alloys dị iche iche na Nsonye nke elu ike magnesium, sịlịkọn, ọla kọpa, na manganese. Nye ndị ọzọ ume na alloy site m. N. "Ịka nká mmetụta" - a pụrụ iche na usoro nke na-ekwesi n'okpuru nduzi maka a ogologo oge eme ihe ike ike ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi. The alloy echepụta ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 n'okpuru aha nke duralumin, a maara ugbu a na-n'okpuru aha "Avial".

Definition. mere uyen

Mmalite nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọelu aluminum alloy-atụle ga-1909. German Metallurgical engineer Alfred Wilm empirically ike, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe aluminum alloy na a obere mgbakwunye na nke ọla kọpa, manganese na magnesium mgbe ekwesi na okpomọkụ nke 500 ° C na imenyụ eguzo 20-25 Celsius nke 4-5 ụbọchị, ọ nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aghọ ike na ike, na-enweghị adịkwa mgbanwe. The usoro a na-akpọ "ịka nká" ma ọ bụ "maturing". N'oge a hardening ọla kọpa atọm jupụta nta plurality nke zones na ọka ókè. Na dayameta nke ọla kọpa atọm dị obere karịa na nke níle Önwa, n'ihi na e nwere mkpakọ nchegbu, si otú amụba n'ike nke ihe.

N'ihi na oge mbụ na alloy e mụtara na German ụlọ mmepụta ihe na Dürener Metallwerken na natara ika Dural, n'ihi ya aha "duralumin". Ekemende, American metallurgist R. B. na-agba ụta Dzhafris mejupụtara mma site na-agbanwe agbanwe na pasent nke tumadi magnesium. The ọhụrụ alloy akpọ 2024 nke dị iche iche mgbanwe na-n'ọtụtụ ebe taa, ma ezinụlọ ahụ dum nke alloys - "Avial". The aha "ụgbọelu aluminum", nke a alloy natara fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe mmalite dị ka kpamkpam dochie osisi na metal na-ewu ugbo elu.

The isi ụdị na e ji mara

E nwere atọ isi dị iche iche:

• Family nke aluminum-manganese (Al-igwe), na aluminum-magnesium (Al-mg). The isi e ji mara - elu, o siri ike na usụhọde dị ọcha aluminum corrosion eguzogide. Dị otú ahụ alloys anabata nke ọma ịgbado ọkụ na soldering, kama ihe ọjọọ ịkpụ. Ọ bụghị obi tara mmiri site okpomọkụ omume.
• Corrosion na-eguzogide aluminum-usoro alloys nke magnesium-sịlịkọn (Al-mg-Si). Ekwesi okpomọkụ omume, ya bụ quenching na 520 ° C sochiri mmiri quenching na eke ịka nká maka banyere 10 ụbọchị. The ịmata e ji mara nke a ìgwè nke ihe - elu corrosion eguzogide mgbe eji na nkịtị ọnọdụ, na nrụgide.
• Structural alloys, aluminum-ọla kọpa-magnesium (Al-Cu-mg). Ha ndabere - doped ọla kọpa, manganese, magnesium na aluminum. Site n'ịdị na-agbanwe n'ike-n'ike nke alloying ọcha kwadebere ugbo elu aluminum, ndị e ji mara nke nwere ike ịdị iche iche.

Materials nke ahiri nwere ezi n'ibu Njirimara, ma na-nnọọ susceptible ka corrosion karịa nke mbụ na nke abụọ ezinụlọ alloys. Stepen corrosion susceptibility-adabere na ụdị nke elu ọgwụgwọ, nke ka mkpa iji chebe painted ma ọ bụ anodized. The corrosion na-eguzogide na-amụba site na-ewebata akụkụ nke manganese alloy.

Na mgbakwunye na atọ isi ụdị nke alloys nwekwara oké ibe ya bụrụ alloys, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, elu-ike bughi et al. Ò dị mkpa maka a akpan akpan ngwa Njirimara.

Akara nke ụgbọelu alloys

International ụkpụrụ mbụ ugbo elu aluminum marking ọbula na-egosi na isi alloying ọcha nke alloy:

• 1000 - ọcha aluminum.
• 2000 - duralumin alloy, alloyed na ọla kọpa. Na ụfọdụ oge - kasị nkịtị aerospace alloy. Ruru akwa uche nrụgide corrosion cracking na-esiwanye dochie 7000 usoro alloys.
• 3000 - alloying mmewere - manganese.
• 4000 - alloying mmewere - sịlịkọn. Alloys na-mara dị ka Silumin.
• 5000 - alloying mmewere - magnesium.
• 6000 - kasị plastic alloys. Alloying ọcha - magnesium na sịlịkọn. Termozakalke nwere ike doro dịkwuo ike, ma usụhọde na a oke 2000 na 7000 usoro.
• 7000 - thermally obi tara mmiri alloys, ndị kasị inogide ugbo elu-ọkwa aluminum. Isi alloying ọcha - zinc na magnesium.

Akara nke abụọ ọgụgụ - aluminum alloy mgbanwe mgbe mbụ usoro nọmba - ọnụ ọgụgụ "0". Abụọ ndị ikpeazụ ọgụgụ - nke alloy nọmba, ozi na ya na-adị ọcha nke adịghị. Ọ bụrụ na ndị prototype alloy na-agbakwunyere na-akanye ise agwa "X".

Taa, ọtụtụ nkịtị ọkwa ugbo elu aluminum 1100, 2014, 2017, 3003, 2024, 2219, 2025, 5052, 5056. The iche atụmatụ nke ndị a alloys bụ: lightness, ductility, ezi ike, iguzogide abrasion, corrosion na elu nrụgide. Na ugbo elu ụlọ ọrụ ndị kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na alloys - ikuku 6061 na 7075.

Ọdịdị

Isi alloying ọcha ugbo elu aluminum bụ ọla kọpa, magnesium, sịlịkọn, manganese, na zinc. Onu site ibu ndị a, ndị na alloy chọpụta e ji mara ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ume, na mgbanwe, iguzogide n'ibu metụtara, wdg The isi alloy - aluminum, isi alloying ọcha :. Ọla kọpa (2,2-5,2% site na ibu), magnesium (0, 2-2.7%) na manganese (0.2-1%).

A ezinụlọ ugbo elu aluminum-sịlịkọn alloys (4-13 uka%) na a obere ọdịnaya nke ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha - ọla kọpa, manganese, magnesium, zinc, titanium, beryllium. Ọ na-eji maka imewe nke mgbagwoju akụkụ, a makwaara dị ka silumin ma ọ bụ ikpu aluminum alloy. The ezinụlọ nke aluminum-magnesium alloy (1-13% site na ibu) na ndị ọzọ ọcha nwere a elu ductility na corrosion eguzogide.

The ọrụ nke ọla kọpa na mejupụtara nke ugbo elu aluminum

Ọnụnọ nke ọla kọpa na ndị mejupụtara nke alloy ụgbọelu na-eme ka ya ike, ma n'otu oge bụ ihe ọjọọ n'ihi na ya corrosion eguzogide. Idobe na ọka ókè n'oge quenching, ọla kọpa na-eme ka alloy susceptible ka pitting corrosion, nchegbu corrosion na intergranular corrosion. Ikpehe ọgaranya ọla kọpa bụ galvanically ọzọ cathodic karịa gburugburu aluminum matriks na ya mere ndị ọzọ susceptible ka corrosion aa site electrochemical usoro. Ịba ọla kọpa ọdịnaya alloy ibu ka 12% na-enwekwu ike Njirimara n'ihi na particulate hardening n'oge merela agadi. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke ọla kọpa na ndị mejupụtara nke ihe karịrị 12% na alloy aghọ kenkuwa.

Fields nke ngwa

Aluminum alloys bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu na-ere metal. Light ibu ugbo elu ọkwa aluminum alloy ike ime ka nke a a ezi nhọrọ maka ọtụtụ ọrụ si ugbo elu ka ihe n'ụlọ (cell phones, eriri igwe nti, flashlights). Aluminum alloys na-eji shipbuilding, ụgbọala n'ichepụta, ewu, w / d iga na nuclear ụlọ ọrụ.

Ebe ekwu alloys na-agafeghị oke ọla kọpa ọdịnaya (2014, 2024 wdg). Profaili ndị a alloys nwere nnukwu corrosion eguzogide, ezi workability, ntụpọ weldability. Of ha na-mere eme imewe nke ugbo elu, oké gwongworo, agha ụgbọala.

Properties ugbo elu aluminum compound

Ịgbado ọkụ ugbo elu alloys a rụrụ nanị a na-echebe inert gas. Họọrọ, haruru bụ helium, argon ma ọ bụ a ngwakọta-ya nile. Ọ nwere elu thermal conductivity nke helium. Nke a na-ekpebi ihe mma okpomọkụ omume nke ịgbado ọkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enye gị ohere inwe ntụsara ezu jikọọ oké-walled bughi ọcha. Jiri nke mixtures nke echebe, haruru enhances ekupụ. The puru nke guzobere pores na Weld na-ukwuu belata.

The ojiji na ugbo elu ụlọ ọrụ

Aircraft aluminum alloys mbụ kere kpọmkwem maka ndị na-ewu nke ugbo elu. N'ime ndị a, ụlọ ka nke ugbo elu engine akụkụ, Chassis, mmanụ tankị, na ndị ọzọ na kpọgide ngwaọrụ. Nkọwa nke ugbo elu aluminum na-eji ime njem ogige.

2xxx usoro aluminum alloys na-eji maka mmepụta nke akụkụ gụrụ okpomọkụ. Nkọwa ejighị ya kpọrọ kwajuru ọnụ, mmanụ, na haịdrọlik mmanụ systems na-mere nke alloy 3xxx, 5xxx na 6xxx. The kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na ugbo elu ụlọ ọrụ bụ alloy 7075. Site ya ọcha na-mere na-arụ ọrụ na a nnukwu ibu, na ala okpomọkụ, elu iguzogide corrosion. Ndabere nke alloy bụ aluminum, na isi alloying ọcha magnesium, zinc na ọla kọpa. Site na ọ na-mere na ike profaịlụ nke ugbo elu akụkụ, shei akụkụ.