Mkpatụ nnu halite: Properties, nkọwa na Akporo

Rock nnu (halite, Halite) - bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị minerals n'ụwa. Chemical Formula NaCl - sodium chloride. The umi nke eke si, isi e-lekwasị n'ebe e nwere oké osimiri na oké osimiri n'oge ochie. The guzobere ọhụrụ ego na-adị mgbe niile, nnu ọdọ mmiri, na oké osimiri, estuaries bụ ihe ubi. Ugbu J.Randall iche oriri nnu amịpụtara na ẹdude ọdọ mmiri na-apụtaghị ìhè na ebuka bụ halite guzobere mpaghara.

mbido

Halite na nwere n'elu ego nke mineral. N'elu ego na-ekewa n'ime oge ochie ego na oge a na ụdị. Ancient tumadi na-anọchite anya na oké nkume nnu sedimentary si n'ala dịbu bays, ọdọ mmiri na oké osimiri na lagoons mgbe ụwa na-akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eme oké evaporation nke mmiri.

Fossil ego edebe n'ígwé, mkpara ma ọ bụ domes n'okpuru elu na ọkara nke sedimentary nkume. N'ígwé mmanu ndi mere onwe salts nwere a layered Ọdịdị, interleaved na ụrọ, sandstone. Kanopi ndokwa a kpụrụ akpụ site na halite nkume ije mgbe overlying n'ígwé, na-akpụ akpụ, inupụ softer rock nnu ego na attenuated zones, n'ihi bụ a dome. The size nke dome halite pụrụ iru ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri kilomita.

ụdị halite

ịnweta halite iche bụ isi na sekọndrị. Primary natara akwụkwọ oge ochie nnu brine ọdọ mmiri na nwere inclusions nke ọzọ mineral. Secondary, halite e mesịrị, guzobere n'ihi nke isi redeposition na halite e ji a elu ọdịnaya nke bromine.

Ịnweta abụọ si malite bụ uzo, Ntụ Ọdịdị na Nleta nnukwu nkume-nnu akwu ọkpụrụkpụ. Mgbe egwupụta, ọkụkụ nnukwu akwu halite abụọ si malite mgbe ụfọdụ ijuanya mma ma doo anya nke edoghi, a dịgasị iche iche nke agba palettes. Esite na-emi odude halite ego n'ụdị streaks, mgbe ya Ọdịdị ọzọ bụ na ok, acha ọcha na agba, mgbe ụfọdụ, elu mmechi acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke nwere ike na-egosi na radioactivity.

e ji mara nke ịnweta

Halite iko nwere gloss, ekweghị ekwe - 2, kpọmkwem arọ nke ịnweta - 2.1-2.2 g / cm ^3. The kristal na-acha ọcha, isi awọ, pink, acha anụnụ anụnụ, red / ndo ma ọ bụ colorless. The arọ nke akụ nwere ike na-ese na ọtụtụ na agba. Halite crystal na-soldered na atọ na ebe nke ọ bụla ihu nke cube. Ọ na-adị ndammana n'ụdị stalactites drusen, kristal, ihe e dere ede, wdg sagging.

Ịnweta nwere ihe ionic lattice, esịnede a ghaghị ebubo sodium ion na-ezighị ezi na ebubo chloride ion. The uto halite nnu nwere a siri ike Ọdịdị, bụ kpamkpam soluble na mmiri, na-enye a ịkpali nke adịghị na dị elu ịta precipitates dị ka kristal ma ọ bụ flakes.

nkwụnye ego

Abụọ nke kasị ibu n'ụwa ego nke halite-emi odude ke Volgograd n'ógbè Russia, otu na-emi odude ọdọ Baskunchak, nke abụọ - na ọdọ mmiri Elton. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-adịbeghị anya meghere Saltworks bụ Sol-Iletsk nkwụnye ego na Orenburg region na Usolsky na Yakutia. Na Ukraine, mepụtara Slavic Artemovskoye na Carpathian ego na ya.

Nnukwu ebe mpempe akwụkwọ ego na-dị na Germany na Austria. Na US, ihe ka nnọọ mee nke halite nọ Kansas, Oklahoma na Saskatchewan efere na Canada.

The isi ngwa

Halite nnu akacha eji dị ka a reagent na-alụso ice na okporo ụzọ. The ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke ọtụtụ n'ime Russia na-ji ogologo oge oyi na-atụ ihu igwe, ọdịda, akpụ ice shei. Nyere ogologo motorways, ọ dịghị Usoro bụghị ike inye a ngwa ngwa nwechapụ nke-enwu n'okporo ụzọ. The ojiji nke mixtures dabeere halite na-enyere aka ngwa ngwa na n'ụzọ dị irè obibi na icing ma hụ na okporo ụzọ nchekwa.

Nka na ụzụ nnu halite nwere ndị dị otú ahụ uru:

• The ala, egosipụta nke iji.
• Ịchekwa reagent àgwà na ala okpomọkụ (-30 ° C).
• Environmental nchekwa.
• Low eruba.
• Ala na-eri.
• Total nnweta.

Atụmatụ nke ngwa

Njikwa nke-enwu n'okporo ụzọ dabeere reagent halite akpalite guzobere a slurry, nke nbibi nke oké jikọrọ ọnụ, tightly aku na korota. A mwepu nke reagent nwere ike na-ahuta ka solidification nke dum uka (na gbazee ice reagent) at okpomọkụ n'okpuru -30 Celsius C.

N'ihi na mma akwa nke okporo ụzọ, halite nnu bụ weere na ájá ma ọ bụ nkume na ájá, nke na-enye ohere ngwa ngwa na mma ọcha korota na ice. Dị ka nkọwa maka adi-ọcha nke otu square mita nke okporo ụzọ na-achọ ihe karịrị 150 grams nke nnu, nke na-ewepụta ịnweta bụ asọmpi dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ reagents. N'ihi na ụlọ eji, karịsịa n'oge oyi, ị pụrụ ịzụta obere nchịkọta nke ịnweta reagent. Halite ụzụ nnu, na price nke dịgasị na retail 5 rubles kwa kilogram, si anagide ọrụ.

Ọzọ ebe ojiji

Nka na ụzụ nnu (halite ịnweta) na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ na ebe nke:

• Oil mmepụta. Ihe bụ isi ihe onwunwe mmezi halite - ice mgbasa, nro oyi kpọnwụrụ ma ọ bụ obi tara mmiri ala. Na oyi ma ọ bụ na Far North ịnweta nnu ngwọta nrụgide pumped n'ime gbapuru borehole, nke mmemmem n'ihu ọrụ ma na-azọpụta ndị ọzọ ego.
• A pelleted halite na-eji maka ịsa ulo oru boilers, kpo oku usoro ka belata egbuke gburugburu. Ọzọkwa a kọmpat ụdị nke ịnweta na-eji dị ka a nyo mmewere ọcha nnukwu mpịakọta nke mmiri, dị ka mmiri iyi. Ke adianade nzacha, nnu ọgwụgwọ ewepu mmiri si ọdịdị bacteria na microorganisms. N'ihi na ụlọ nzube a na-eji belata isi nke mmiri ọkụ.
• Construction. Halite nnu na-eji na mmepụta nke silica brick inye kwụsie ike na ikpeazụ ngwaahịa a nkọ okpomọkụ mgbanwe, na-enwekwu ike e ji mara na ogologo na-arụ ọrụ ndụ. Brik na hydrochloric mmako ke imewe nke a ala na-eri price. Agbakwunyere na ngwa agha nnu-enyere ya aka ngwa ngwa "na-grips", nke gbapụrụ ọsọ elu na-ewu usoro na enwekwu anwụ ngwa ngwa, pụrụ ịdabere nke ewu.

E nwere ihe karịrị 14,000 ebe nnu na-eji oru (halite). Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ọ na-eji maka mmepụta nke saline, antiseptics, ọgwụ nchekwa. Nka na ụzụ nnu hụrụ ngwa ke nri ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a coolant, ikwe ngwa akpụkọta na na-na na ngwaahịa na iche okpomọkụ.

mmejuputa iwu

Na mmejuputa, e nwere atọ ụdị minerals, ọdịiche iso na e ji mara:

• Higher ọkwa - sodium chloride ọdịnaya kwesịrị-erughị 97%, na ọdịnaya nke ndị a adịghị enwe karịa 0,85%.
• Mmalite - erughị 90% na arọ nke calcium chloride, ọzọ adịghị - 5%.
• The abụọ - kacha nta ọdịnaya nke akụkụ bụ isi kwesịrị banyere 80%, na-kwere adịghị ke ichekwa 12% nke ngụkọta arọ.

The ego nke mmiri na ihe ọ bụla na klas usoro bụghị karịa 4.5%. Site ọkwa na-adabere na price na nke tọhapụrụ oru nnu (halite). The price kwa ton nke akụrụngwa dịgasị si 3500-3700 rubles (na ngwugwu).

Dị ka ala ụkpụrụ, nchekwa na nkesa nke ịnweta kwere mkpọmkpọ, tọn, na polypropylene Ukwu nke dị iche iche igwe. Na nke a, nnu, juru n'ọnụ ke akpa, nwere a mmachi adị ndụ - ruo afọ ise, ebe nnu na nnukwu nwere ike ịchekwa n'ihi na a nnọọ ogologo oge.

Ulo oru na ịzụlite ubi, na-eduzi mmejuputa ịnweta n'ụgbọala ibu ka wholesalers, nke na-enye ohere ka iwelie mmepụta. Dị ka ọkwa, na ọ na-ekpebisi ike site na uru nke ndị dị otú ahụ ịnweta dị ka nnu (halite). Price kwa tonne na mmejuputa n'ụgbọala ibu malite si 1400 na 2600 rubles.

Na mgbakwunye na oru ngwa, halite na-emejuputa atumatu dị ka achọrọ ịnweta Mmeju maka ụmụ anụmanụ, nke a mere nke enwe ịnweta na briquettes nke.